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editorial

. 2019 Nov;61(5):556–557. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0153ED

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Copyright © 2019 by the American Thoracic Society

This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). For commercial usage and reprints please contact Diane Gern (dgern@thoracic.org).

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Figure 1. — Epithelium-derived BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) suppression of fibrogenic activation in lung fibroblasts. Under homeostatic conditions, fibroblasts remain quiescent under the influence of secreted factors from the epithelium. Epithelium-derived BMP4 is known to suppress mesenchymal activation during lung development to regulate epithelial branching. Findings from Tan and colleagues demonstrate that epithelium-secreted BMP4 maintains mesenchymal quiescence in the adult murine lung (6). BMP4 levels decline after epithelial injury, resulting in mesenchymal activation and fibrosis. AT1 = alveolar type 1 cells; AT2 = alveolar type 2 cells.