Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted population attributable risk percent for all-cause and cause-specific mortality by specific combination of healthy lifestyle factors
| Non-smoking, being physically active, healthy dietary habits | + Healthy body weight and fat | + Non-excessive alcohol intake | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | 32.2 (26.8, 37.4) | 37.8 (32.4, 42.8) | 38.5 (33.0, 43.8) |
| Cause-specific mortality | |||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 36.1 (21.8, 48.9) | 43.2 (29.6, 55.2) | NAa |
| Ischaemic stroke | 43.7 (19.3, 62.9) | 47.4 (23.0, 66.2) | 47.9 (22.7, 67.0) |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 35.7 (15.9, 52.7) | 39.1 (19.4, 55.7) | 40.5 (20.5, 57.3) |
| Cancer | 22.7 (13.2, 31.8) | 24.6 (14.6, 34.2) | 26.9 (16.7, 36.6) |
| Respiratory diseases | 32.7 (7.3, 54.2) | 45.4 (23.0, 63.3) | 45.8 (22.5, 64.1) |
| Other causes | 30.8 (20.2, 40.7) | 36.2 (25.8, 45.8) | 36.6 (25.8, 46.4) |
Multivariable model was adjusted for sex, education, marital status, family histories of heart attack, stroke or cancer (adjusted for in all-cause mortality and corresponding cause of death), and hip circumference. All five lifestyle factors were included simultaneously in the same model
aThe PAR% of ischaemic heart disease for 5 factors was not available because the estimated relative risk for excessive alcohol intake had a negative coefficient