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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2019 May 30;365(6448):eaaw6275. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw6275

Table 1.

Ancient individuals reported in this study, ordered by start of calibrated radiocarbon date range

Lab ID Site1 Map # Lat Long Archaeological association2 Genetic cluster Sex mtDNA haplogroup Y chromosome haplogroup Cover-age on target Uncalibrated years before present (BP) (lab number) Calibrated years before present (cal BP), 2σ3
I12533 Prettejohn’s Gully (GsJi11) 15 −0.545 36.106 Early pastoral? PN outlier M K1a E2(xE2b); E-M75 0.83 3670±20 (PSUAMS-4982) 4080–3890
I12534 Prettejohn’s Gully (GsJi11) 15 −0.545 36.106 Early pastoral? PN outlier F L3f1b 0.69 3640±20 (PSUAMS-4983) 4060–3860
I8874 Cole’s Burial (GrJj5a) 14 −0.442 36.267 PN PN cluster M L3i2 E1b1b1a1a1b1; E-CTS3282 3.90 3070±20 (PSUAMS-4723) 3350–3180
I8809 Kisima Farm, A5/Porcupine Cave 2 0.458 36.709 PN PN cluster M M1a1 E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 3.48 2855±20 (PSUAMS-4510) 3030–2860
I8820 Kisima Farm, A5/Porcupine Cave 2 0.458 36.709 PN PN cluster F M1a1f 0.07 2675±20 (PSUAMS-4717) 2840–2740
I12398/94 Rigo Cave (GrJh3) 12 −0.464 35.971 PN/ELM PN cluster M L3f E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 0.89 2480±20 (PSUAMS-4945); 2570±15 (PSUAMS-4946) 2710–2380;
2750–2510
I8759 Naishi Rockshelter 13 −0.458 36.081 PN PN outlier M L3×1a E1b1b1b2b; E-V1515 (prob. E-M293) 0.07 2550±15 (PSUAMS-4715) 2750–2500
I13980 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN cluster M HV1b1 E1b1b1a1b2; E-V22 2.72 2530±20 (PSUAMS-5655) 2740–2490
I13981 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN cluster F L0a 0.36 2510±20 (PSUAMS-5656) 2730–2460
I8758 Naishi Rockshelter 13 −0.458 36.081 PN PN cluster M L0a2d A1b(xA1b1b2a); A-P108 0.29 2470±15 (PSUAMS-4624) 2700–2370
I8804 Keringet Cave?5 9 −0.358 35.699 PN PN cluster M L4b2a1 A1b1b2; A-L427 0.50 2465±20 (PSUAMS-4716) 2700–2360
I8923 Rigo Cave (GrJh3) 12 −0.464 35.971 PN/ELM PN cluster M M1a1b (likely) E1b1b1b2b2; E-V1486 (prob. E-M293) 0.15 2440±20 (PSUAMS-4512) 2690–2350
I13979 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN cluster F L3×1 2.56 2410±20 (PSUAMS-5654) 2490–2350
I8922 Rigo Cave (GrJh3) 12 −0.464 35.971 PN/ELM PN cluster M L4b2a2c E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 2.79 2400±15 (PSUAMS-4725)6 c. 2460–2350
I8814 Naivasha Burial Site 17 −0.663 36.410 PN PN cluster F L4b2a2b 2.53 2400±20 (PSUAMS-4784) 2480–2340
I13978 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN outlier F L4b2a1 0.56 2355±20 (PSUAMS-5653) 2400–2310
I8830 Naivasha Burial Site 17 −0.663 36.410 PN PN cluster M M1a1b xBT (prob. A) 0.10 2320±20 (PSUAMS-4720) 2360–2210
I8920 Naivasha Burial Site 17 −0.663 36.410 PN PN cluster M L3h1a1 E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 1.68 2310±15 (PSUAMS-4724) 2350–2210
I8919 Naivasha Burial Site 17 −0.663 36.410 PN PN cluster M L4a1 A1b1b2b; A-M13 1.84 2255±20 (PSUAMS-4789) 2340–2160
I8918 Naivasha Burial Site 17 −0.663 36.410 PN PN cluster M L3×1a E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 2.45 2235±20 (PSUAMS-4744) 2320–2150
I13762 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN cluster M L3i2 E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 1.81 2140±15 (PSUAMS-5458) 2150–2020
I10719 Njoro River Cave II 11 −0.389 35.917 PN/ELM PN cluster F L3h1a2a1 1.11 2070±15 (PSUAMS-4758) 2110–1930
I13970 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN N/A F L3h1a2a1 0.03 2030±20 (PSUAMS-5650) 2000–1900
I13977 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN cluster M L0f2a1 E1b1b1b2b2; E-V1486 (prob. E-M293) 0.30 2005±20 (PSUAMS-5652) 2000–1890
I8808 Jawuoyo Rockshelter 5 −0.067 34.667 LSA Forager cline M L4b2a2c E1b1b1a1b2; E-V22 1.37 1895±15 (PSUAMS-4783) 1880–1750
I8805 Egerton Cave (GrJh10) 10 −0.375 35.933 PN/ELM PN cluster F L0a1d 3.79 1880±15 (PSUAMS-4741) 1870–1740
I12384 Ol Kalou 7 −0.3007 36.4007 PN PN cluster M L3d1d E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 0.51 1800±20 (PSUAMS-4940) 1810–1620
I13972 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN PN outlier M T2+150 E1b1b1b2b2; E-V1486 (prob. E-M293) 0.09 1780±25 (PSUAMS-5651) 1740–1580
I12394 Keringet Cave (GrJg4) 9 −0.358 35.699 PN/ELM PN cluster F K1a 0.42 1585±15 (PSUAMS-4943) 1530–1400
I8892 Ilkek Mounds 16 −0.603 36.374 PIA PIA cluster M L0f2a E2(xE2b); E-M75 0.10 1170±15 (PSUAMS-4788) 1170–980
I8802 Deloraine Farm (GqJh6) 8 −0.183 35.809 IA IA other M L5b1 E1b1a1a1a1a; E-M58 2.65 1160±15 (PSUAMS-4625) 1170–970
I8901 Kisima Farm, C4 3 0.458 36.709 PIA PIA cluster M L3h1a1 E2(xE2b); E-M75 0.02 1110±15 (PSUAMS-4743) 1060–940
I12391 Kasiole 2 (GvJh54) 18 −1.326 35.939 PIA N/A M L3h1a2a1 E1b1b1b2b; E-V1515 (prob. E-M293) 0.02 1110±15 (PSUAMS-4942) 1060–940
I12381 Laikipia District Burial (GoJl45) 4 0.380 36.893 PIA PIA cluster F L0a1c1 0.92 635±15 (PSUAMS-4939) 650–560
I12379 Emurua Ole Polos (GvJh122) 19 −1.396 35.983 PIA/recent PIA cluster M L3h1a2a1 E1b1b1b2b2a1; E-M293 3.38 270±15 (PSUAMS-4938) 420–160
I13763 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN Forager cline F .. 0.01 insufficient collagen N/A
I13982 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN Forager cline F .. 0.02 insufficient collagen N/A
I13983 Gishimangeda Cave 20 −3.476 35.348 PN Forager cline M .. BT (low cov.; prob. B) 0.02 insufficient collagen N/A
I8904 Kokurmatakore 1 3.132 37.433 PIA?8 PN outlier? M L3a2a E1b1b1; E-M35 (not E-M293) 0.09 insufficient collagen N/A
I8930 White Rock Point (GrJb2) 6 −0.450 34.321 LSA Forager cline M L2a4 BT(xCT) (low cov.; prob. B) 0.03 insufficient collagen N/A
I8931 White Rock Point (GrJb2) 6 −0.450 34.321 LSA Forager cline F L0a2 (likely) 0.03 insufficient collagen N/A
1

Site codes, where available, follow a standardized system for Africa (49).

2

PN, Pastoral Neolithic; ELM, Elmenteitan; IA, Iron Age; PIA, Pastoral Iron Age; LSA, Later Stone Age.

3

Calibrated in OxCal v.4.3.2 (50), modeling for an unspecified mixture of IntCal13 (51) and SHCal13 (52) curves, and rounding to the nearest decade.

4

Samples are from the same individual, but provided slightly different radiocarbon dates.

5

The context of this individual is uncertain; see (21) for detail.

6

Indirect date on a bone that may be from a different individual (see Table S1). All other dates are direct on the individual for whom DNA data is reported.

7

Approximate location.

8

New attempts to date this individual failed, but a published date on bone apatite from this individual suggests a PIA association, despite genetic clustering with PN individuals; see (21) for detail.