Figure 3.

QTL characterization for agronomic trait DTA. (A) Genomic distribution of 19 QTL for DTA detected by JLM. The known candidate genes are shown above the corresponding QTL in bold italic. (B) Heat map shows additive allele effects of teosinte relative to maize in number of days for 19 QTL detected by JLM. The allele effect of teosinte parent 8759 was estimated from the 866 maize–teosinte BC₂S₃ RILs (Shannon 2012). Insignificant effects are shown as blank. Red and blue colors indicate that the teosinte alleles delay or promote flowering time, respectively. (C) Manhattan plot shows QTL detected by GWAS. The significance threshold at LOD = 5 is indicated by black dotted line. The red stars indicate GWAS signals overlapping with QTL by JLM. In (A) and (C), odd and even numbered chromosomes are shown in blue and orange colors, respectively. DTA, days to anthesis; GWAS, genome-wide association study; JLM, joint linkage mapping; RIL, recombinant inbred line.