. 2019 Oct 11;97(11):4668–4681. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz317

Table 7.

In vitro rumen microbial changes (10^–7 mL⁻¹) tested for peanut skin (PS) and wet distiller’s grains plus solubles (WDGS)

Item	Treatment¹
	– PS					+ PS						Significance of effect²
	0	10	20	30	40	0	10	20	30	40	SEM	PS	WDGS	INT
Bacteroidetes (B)	32.7	35.1	32.3	32.8	35.8	32.2^ab	33.8^ab	32.0^ab	34.1^a	28.5^b	1.18	0.03	0.22	0.01
													+PS; L (P < 0.05)
Firmicutes (F)	41.2^c	47.6^b	57.9^ab	52.6^b	61.4^a	42.2^b	41.2^b	41.8^b	47.1^a	42.3^b	2.35	0.001	0.001	0.001
													±PS; L/Q (P < 0.05)
Total methanogens	0.36^b	0.39^b	0.47^a	0.43^b	0.48^a	0.43^a	0.38^b	0.38^b	0.42^ab	0.39^b	0.014	0.01	0.01	0.01
													±PS; L/Q (P < 0.05)
Methanobrevibacter sp.	0.29^b	0.32^b	0.35^a	0.34^ab	0.38^a	0.33^ab	0.33^ab	0.33^ab	0.36^a	0.29^b	0.019	0.53	0.05	0.01
AbM4													±PS; L (P < 0.05)
Total protozoa	10.2^a	9.3^ab	9.9^a	6.8^b	7.9^b	11.0^a	12.2^a	10.9^b	11.2^ab	9.7^b	0.85	0.01	0.05	0.198
F/B ratio	1.6^b	1.4^b	1.8^a	1.6^b	1.7^b	1.3^b	1.2^b	1.3^b	1.4^ab	1.5^a	0.05	0.001	0.01	0.001
													±PS; L/Q (P < 0.01)

¹Diet without (– PS) or with peanut skin (+ PS) coupled with varying concentrations (0% to 40% of as-feed) of wet-distiller’s grains plus solubles (WDGS).

²PS, without versus with PS supplementation; WDGS, supplementation rate; NS, nonsignificant (P > 0.05); L, linear effect of WDGS supplementation; Q, quadratic effect of WDGS supplementation; PS × WDGS, interaction (INT) between PS and WDGS. Bacterial cell number × 10^–6.

^a,bMeans with different superscripts in the same rows are different (P < 0.05).