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. 2019 Sep 27;97(11):4532–4539. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz302

Table 5.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids (dry matter basis)

	Fiber source¹
Fermentation time, h	MG	CE	BP	PF	SB	SEM	P-value
% of total
Acetate
4	86.5^a	61.1^bc	79.7^ab	79.1^ab	61.5c	4.16	0.0107
8	67.4^ab	49.9^c	76.5^a	71.2^ab	57.0^bc	5.45	0.0357
12	66.7^ab	45.7^b	75.0^a	77.0^a	56.3^ab	9.08	0.1561
Propionate
4	3.3^b	15.3^ab	15.2^ab	14.40^b	19.9^a	3.55	0.1930
8	18.4^b	38.6^a	16.7^b	15.9^b	25.8^ab	4.84	0.0447
12	17.9^b	31.2^a	20.4^b	19.1^b	29.3^a	2.71	0.0153
Butyrate
4	2.4	8.8	3.5	3.8	7.6	4.40	0.8031
8	4.2	2.0	3.7	11.6	7.3	3.79	0.4503
12	6.1a	−4.9^b	3.9^a	4.2^a	6.6^a	1.04	<0.0001
SCFA²
4	95.5^abc	91.7^bc	99.2^a	98.1^ab	89.0^c	2.13	0.0325
8	89.9^b	90.4^b	98.9^a	98.7^a	90.1^b	0.60	<0.0001
12	90.7	72.0	99.2	100.3	92.3	9.57	0.2998
Isobutyrate
4	0.6	2.7	0.3	0.3	2.8	0.98	0.2204
8	2.7^ab	2.2^b	0.5^c	0.4^c	3.3^a	0.26	<0.0001
12	3.5	25.3	0.4	0.2	2.7	9.60	0.3602
Isovalerate
4	3.8b^c	5.6^ab	0.5^c	1.5^c	8.2^a	1.27	0.0097
8	7.4^a	7.4^a	0.6^b	0.7^b	6.1^a	0.63	<0.0001
12	5.4^a	2.3^b	0.3^c	−0.2^c	4.6^a	0.31	<0.0001
Valerate
4	0.15	0	0.03	0	0	0.066	0.4865
8	0^c	0^c	0^c	0.17^b	0.43^a	0.035	<0.0001
12	0.43^a	0.42^a	0.01^b	−0.23^b	0.40^a	0.109	0.0041
BCFA³
4	4.50^abc	8.3^ab	0.84^c	1.85^bc	11.0^a	2.13	0.0325
8	10.06^a	9.59^a	1.10^b	1.27^b	9.85^a	0.60	<0.0001
12	9.3	28.0	0.8	−0.3	7.7	9.57	0.2998

¹MG, miscanthus grass; CE, cellulose; BP, beet pulp; PF, pea fiber; SB, sorghum bran.

²SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; sum of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

³BCFA, branched-chain and minor fatty acids; sum of isobutyrate, isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate.

^a–cMeans in the same row with unlike superscripts differ.