Table 2.
Baseline Comparisons — Treatment Versus Control
| Variable | Total Sample (N=185) | Treatment (n=91) | Control (n=94) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Mean age, years | 28.5 | 28.3 | 28.8 | 0.46 |
| Mean gestational age, weeks | 27.1 | 27.4 | 26.9 | 0.70 |
| Race | 0.64 | |||
| Black/African American | 54.4% | 54.4% | 54.3% | |
| White | 31.3% | 31.1% | 31.5% | |
| Bi- or multi- | 8.8% | 8.9% | 8.7% | |
| Other | 5.5% | 5.5% | 5.4% | |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino | 10.4% | 11.0% | 9.8% | 0.81 |
| Current household income (5 categories), <$10,000 | 54.2% | 59.1% | 49.5% | 0.53 |
| Education (5 categories), high school/GED | 32.8% | 31.9% | 33.7% | 0.27 |
| Employment (3 categories), not employed | 59.0% | 54.9% | 63.0% | 0.42 |
| Relationship status (4 categories), single | 58.2% | 56.0% | 60.4% | 0.67 |
| Mean number of people in household | 4.4 | 4.37 | 4.42 | 0.85 |
| Stress/Adjustment | ||||
| Diagnosed with mental illness, yes | 34.8% | 32.2% | 37.4% | 0.68 |
| Substance use disorder, yes | 20.8% | 17.0% | 24.4% | 0.30 |
| Mean stress (1=extremely low, 5=extremely high) | 3.25 | 3.20 | 3.29 | 0.62 |
| Mean number of specific stresses during pregnancy (0–14) | 1.69 | 1.59 | 1.79 | 0.55 |
| Mean daily support from others (1=extremely low, 5=extremely high) | 3.52 | 3.46 | 3.57 | 0.60 |
| Tobacco-Related | ||||
| Tobacco goal | 0.68 | |||
| Reduce while pregnant | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.4% | |
| Reduce permanently | 5.0% | 3.3% | 6.7% | |
| Quit while pregnant | 7.7% | 6.6% | 8.9% | |
| Quit permanently | 82.9% | 85.7% | 80.0% | |
| Mean age of regular use | 16.5 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 0.40 |
| First a.m. cigarette | 0.15 | |||
| Within 5 minutes | 23.0% | 24.2% | 21.7% | |
| 6–30 minutes | 17.5% | 11.0% | 23.9% | |
| 31–60 minutes | 15.3% | 16.5% | 14.1% | |
| >60 minutes | 44.3% | 48.4% | 40.2% | |
| Smoke in past week, yes | 65.0% | 63.7% | 66.3% | 0.42 |
| For smokers: cigarettes/day (5 categories), 1–5 | 57.1% | 58.6% | 55.7% | 0.21 |
| For non-smokers: duration of non-smoking | 0.86 | |||
| <2 weeks | 4.7% | 6.1% | 3.2% | |
| 2–4 weeks | 14.1% | 12.1% | 16.1% | |
| 1–3 months | 45.3% | 48.5% | 41.9% | |
| 3–6 months | 35.9% | 33.3% | 38.7% | |
| Mean confidence in being smoke free in a year (1=not at all, 5=very) | 3.78 | 3.80 | 3.76 | 0.79 |
| Mean motivation to quit/remain quit (1= not at all, 5=greatly) | 4.50 | 4.42 | 4.57 | 0.19 |
| Heaviest daily smoking | 0.90 | |||
| 1–5 | 18.6% | 18.7% | 18.5% | |
| 6–10 | 26.8% | 26.4% | 27.2% | |
| 11–15 | 9.3% | 11.0% | 7.6% | |
| 16–20 | 32.8% | 33.0% | 32.6% | |
| 21–30 | 9.8% | 7.7% | 12.0% | |
| 31–40 | 2.7% | 3.3% | 2.2% | |
| Smoked during previous pregnancy (if applicable), yes | 69.5% | 70.1% | 68.9% | 0.51 |
| Number of others in household who smoke (3 categories), none | 57.9% | 59.3% | 56.5% | 0.87 |
| Quit attempt in past year, yes | 77.6% | 83.5% | 71.7% | 0.04 |
GED, General Educational Development.