Table 2.
Metal concentrations (mean and range) in the honeys. Data are presented as mean, maximum level (max), minimum level (min), standard deviation (SD).
| Region | No. | Statistics |
Analyzed metals (mg kg
-1
)
|
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu | Ni | Pb | Al | Zn | Fe | Sr | Ba | Ca | Mg | Na | K | Mn | Ga | Li | |||
| EC 6,41 /FAO/WHO 42 | - | 0.50 | 1.00 | - | 10.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Isparta | 22 | Mean | 0.42a | 0.025b | 0.72b | 1.86 | 1.10 | 3.10 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 62.02 | 21.89b | 108.98b | 408.72b | 0.16b | 0.16 | 0.35a |
| Min | 0.16 | <LOD | 0.08 | 1.16 | 0.32 | 1.36 | 0.24 | <LOD | 41.16 | 11.12 | 75.64 | 162.60 | <LOD | 0.12 | 0.28 | ||
| Max | 0.84 | 0.52 | 0.88 | 3.96 | 3.24 | 6.24 | 0.76 | 0.12 | 89.88 | 47.76 | 306.56 | 1482.48 | 0.76 | 0.24 | 0.68 | ||
| SD | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 1.25 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 14.51 | 10.43 | 63.16 | 292.83 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.10 | ||
| Antalya | 28 | Mean | 0.24b | 0.028b | 0.79b | 2.64 | 1.10 | 3.62 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 68.72 | 30.01b | 96.79b | 557.59b | 0.19b | 0.21 | 0.28b |
| Min | 0.04 | <LOD | 0.10 | 1.12 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.20 | <LOD | 39.72 | 10.12 | 70.64 | 153.16 | <LOD | 0.12 | 0.24 | ||
| Max | 0.48 | 0.56 | 1.24 | 25.80 | 6.00 | 16.36 | 0.80 | 0.12 | 123.88 | 87.56 | 198.08 | 1822.60 | 0.76 | 1.60 | 0.40 | ||
| SD | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 4.58 | 1.04 | 2.97 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 19.27 | 16.68 | 25.07 | 407.26 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.04 | ||
| Burdur | 20 | Mean | 0.54a | 0.11a | 0.90a | 2.59 | 1.19 | 4.29 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 58.81 | 55.85a | 196.95a | 1444.71a | 0.46a | 0.14 | 0.30b |
| Min | 0.12 | <LOD | 0.72 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 1.80 | 0.20 | <LOD | 42.20 | 9.28 | 74.60 | 146.72 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.28 | ||
| Max | 1.52 | 0.36 | 1.12 | 7.64 | 4.40 | 12.60 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 91.84 | 117.16 | 613.20 | 3202.00 | 1.12 | 0.20 | 0.52 | ||
| SD | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 1.50 | 0.86 | 2.36 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 16.86 | 28.05 | 150.95 | 792.23 | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||
| All samples | 70 | Mean | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 2.38 | 1.13 | 3.65 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 63.78 | 34.84 | 129.24 | 764.26 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.31 |
| Min | 0.04 | <LOD | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.20 | <LOD | 79.72 | 9.28 | 70.64 | 146.72 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.24 | ||
| Max | 1.52 | 0.56 | 1.24 | 25.80 | 6.00 | 16.36 | 0.80 | 0.12 | 123.88 | 117.16 | 613.20 | 3202.00 | 1.12 | 1.60 | 0.68 | ||
| SD | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 3.02 | 0.91 | 2.38 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 17.49 | 23.44 | 98.09 | 675.03 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.07 | ||
| China 40 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Cu: Copper; Ni: Nickel; Pb: Lead; Al: Aluminum; Zn: Zinc; Fe: Iron; St: Strontium; Ba: Barium; Ca: Calcium; Mg: Magnesium; Na: Sodium; K: Potassium; Mn: Manganese; Ga: Gallium; and Li: Lithium. LOD = Limits of detection.
ab Mean within in the same columns with different letters are significant (p < 0.05).