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. 2019 Oct 29;7:254. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00254

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Copyright © 2019 Nguyen, Chung, Lynch and Ryall.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Amino acid synthesis via glycolysis and the TCA cycle. NEAAs can be synthesized through various intermediate metabolites of glycolysis including 3PG, PEP, pyruvate, and the TCA cycle through oxaloacetate and αKG. Note: not all intermediate steps are shown. 3PG, 3-phosphoglyceric acid; hCYS, homocysteine; meTHF, 5,10-methylene THF; mTHF, 5-methyl THF; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; SAH, S-adenosyl homocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; THF, tetrahydrofolate.