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. 2019 Mar 9;35(4):1109–1125. doi: 10.1007/s10899-019-09840-5

Table 5.

Observed/expected ratios for combinations of skin betting and gambling behaviour by socio-demographic/economic characteristics

Neither bet with skins or gambled Skin betting only Other gambling only Bet with skins and gambled on other activities Bases: unweighted
Sex
 Boys 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) 1.8 (1.3, 2.3) 1198
 Girls 1 (0.9, 1.1) 0.7 (0.3, 1.0) 1 (0.8, 1.1) 4.2 (1.3, 7.2) 1333
Age
 11–12 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) 1 (0.8, 1.2) 1.6 (0.4, 2.8) 796
 13–14 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 3 (1.7, 4.3) 1101
 15–16 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) 0.9 (0.6, 1.0) 2.4 (1.7, 4.3) 666
Ethnic group
 White/White British 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) 2.5 (1.9, 3.2) 1985
 Black/Black British * * * * 110
 Asian/Asian British 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) 0.7 (0.2, 1.0) 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) 2.5 (0.3, 4.7) 275
 Mixed/other * * * * 160
Academic performance
 Doing well 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) 2.3 (1.6, 3.0) 2078
 Not doing well 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) 2.9 (1.7, 4.2) 303
Receipt of free school meals
 Yes 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) 0.6 (0.2, 1.1) 0.9 (0.5, 1.2) 3.2 (0.7, 5.7) 241
 No 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) 2.5 (1.9, 3.2) 2178

*Estimates not shown because of small cell sizes

^Because of rounding, the lower CI in some cells looks the same at the observed-expected ratio