Table 6.

Health effects of antioxidants and their compounds

Diet resources	Compounds	Effects	References
Ginseng	Ginsenosides	Increase in anti-proliferative effect, It affects the chemosensitization	Shu-Yi et al. (2013)
Banana, tomato, barley, ginger, etc.	Melatonin	Promotes tumor suppression	Mielgo et al. (2009)
Onions, apples, berries, tea, etc.	Quercetin	The drug has an effect on improving bioavailability	Wang et al. (2008)
Soy foods	Genistein	Effect of the drug on the development of systemic exposure	Bansal et al. (2009)
Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli	n-Acetylcysteine	Increases drug intake in tumor cells	Wu et al. (2017)
Tea, cranberries, pistachios, hazelnuts	EGCG	Increase of chemotherapeutic efficiency	Hwang et al. (2007)
Turmeric	Curcumin	It affects the strengthening of growth inhibitory activity	Bach et al. (2001)
P. massoniana	Proanthocyanidins	It acts as an anti-tumor drug developer in the treatment of ovarian cancer	Liu et al. (2015)
Pinus koraiensis	Pinecone, polyphenols	It shows effective antitumor activity by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and enhancing antioxidant and immunoregulation activities	Yi et al. (2017)
Leaves of Pinus species	Pynosilvin	Matrix is an effective tumor cell metastasis inhibitor by metalloproteinase	Park et al. (2012)
Pine needles	α-pinene	Liver cancer inhibits cell growth	Chen et al. (2015)
–	Curcumin	In Alzheimer’s disease, curcumin reduced the production of ROS by regulating colocalization of Nrf2 and APE1	Sarkar et al. (2017)
Curcumin	Demethoxycurcumin derivative of curcumin,	Demethoxycurcumin, a curcumin derivative in Parkinson’s disease, is protected against rotenone toxicity by reducing ROS levels	Ramkumar et al. (2017)
Vitamin C	–	Restore hypertension associated-baroreflex dysfunction Adrenoreceptor cellular oxidative stress, scavenging radical species proinflammatory cytokines Improves endothelial function	Nishi et al. (2010), Botelho-Ono et al. (2011), Bruno et al. (2012), Yamazaki Chelazzi et al. (2012) and Uzun et al. (2013)
Black tea, sesame seeds, coffee and some fruits, virgin olive oil, red wine, cacao	Polyphenols flavonol, theaflavin, epicathecin, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, quercetin	Reactive oxygen species decreases, heme oxygenase-1 increases	Loke et al. (2010), Scoditti et al. (2012) and Natsume and Baba (2014)
Vitamin E	–	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor activity are reduced. Antioxidant enzyme GST and transcription factor nuclear factor-like 2 activity increases	Meydani et al. (2014), Ng et al. (2012), Bozaykut et al. (2014) and Leong et al. (2009)
Cranberries	polyphenols	Improvement in lipid profiles, liver function indices and antioxidant defense	Valentová et al. (2007)
Raisins	–	Enhanced lipid profiles and inflammatory biomarkers	Puglisi et al. (2008)
Prunes	pectin	Increased arterial atherosclerotic lesion with reduced plasma lipid profiles	Gallaher and Gallaher (2009)
Cranberry	A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins	Reducing the severity of urinary tract infections with antibiotic effects	Sengupta et al. (2011)
Apricots	–	The severity and severity of urinary problems were reduced. Protection against chronic atrophic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori causing gastric cancer	Debre et al. (2010) and Enomoto et al. (2010)
Cranberries	Flavonoids	Improved antioxidant status, protection and development of pancreatic functions and maintenance of insulin release in normal rats	Zhu et al. (2011)
Prunes	–	It has beneficial effects on intestine and immunity	Jang et al. (2013)
Raisins	–	Decreased glycemia affects systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors	Anderson et al. (2014)
Raisins (Corinthian)	–	It improves glycemic and insulin absorptive responses in healthy people and diabetic patients	Kanellos et al. (2013)
Apricots, cranberries, dates, figs, plums, and raisins/phenolics	–	Increasing plasma antioxidant capacity reduces postprandial oxidative stress after high sugar beverage intake	Vinson et al. (2005)
Prunes	Phenolics	Breast cancer affects bone biochemical markers and muscle strength in survivors	Simonavice et al. (2013)
Cranberries	Phenolics and fibre	Reduced inflammatory responses to colitis and effects on the prevention of symptoms	Xiao et al. (2015)
Prunes	–	To increase the frequency of bowel movements to manage constipation, to facilitate stools	Pasalar and Lankarani (2015), Pasalar, Lankarani, Mehrabani, Tolide-i.e., and Nasri (2013)
–	Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene	Reduced prostate cancer incidence 34% (p < 0.01) Reduced mortality from prostate cancer	Bennett et al. (2012)
Adhotoda varica, Caesalpinia bondue, Cassia fi stula, Biophytum sensitivum	Polyphenol and flavonoids	All samples significantly inhibited aldose reductase and demonstrated cataract inhibition activity	Gacche et al. (2011)
Harakancha (Acanthus ilicifolius L.)	–	Blood purifier, diuretic and aphrodisiac; diabetes, leprosy, paralysis, skin disease, snake bite, hepatitis, stomach pain, rheumatism, asthma, etc.	Banerjee et al. (2008), Li et al. (2009), Thirunavukkarasu et al. (2011a, b), Firdaus et al. (2013) and Asha et al. (2012)
Kharsi (Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco)	–	Ear pain, small pox is used to treat asthma, diabetes, rheumatism etc. It is used in the treatment	Banerjee et al. (2008), Roome et al. (2008), Agoramoorthy et al. (2008) and Ospina et al. (2001)
Kala bani (Avicennia alba Bl.)	–	Antifertility, skin diseases, ulcers, etc. used; It is also used as contraceptive	Banerjee et al. (2008)
Bani (A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh)	–	Ulcers, smallpox etc. used for curing	Thirunavukkarasu et al. (2011a, b), Vadlapudi and Naidu (2009), Shanmugapriya et al. (2012) and Beula et al. (2012)
Dhala bani (A. officinalis L.)	–	Used to remove smallpox, leprosy, ulcers; It is also used as diuretic and aphrodisiac	Thirunavukkarasu et al. (2011a, b), Vadlapudi and Naidu (2009), Ravindran et al. (2012), Shanmugapriya et al. (2012) and Beula et al. (2012)
Bandari (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.)	–	Used to treat malaria, treatment of eye disease and fish poison etc.	Banerjee et al. (2008) and Haq et al. (2011)
Kakandan (Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl.)	–	Leaves are used as treatment for hepatitis; is a good source of tannins.	Agoramoorthy et al. (2008) and Krishnamoorthy et al. (2011)
Smallflower Bruguiera (Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.))	–	Used in constipation; it is also a good antitumor agent	Bunyapraphatsara et al. (2003)
Ghrani (Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding)	–	Used to treat hepatitis, bleeding and malaria; It also acts against ulcers	Banerjee et al. (2008), Krishnamoorthy et al. (2011) and Bunyapraphatsara et al. (2003)
Goran (Ceriops tagal (Perr.) Robins.)	–	Leaves are used as purgative and to stop hemorrhages; it is also used for curing leprosy; shoot is used as decoction for treatment of malaria	Bunyapraphatsara et al. (2003)
Guan (Excoecaria agallocha L.)	–	epilepsy, ulcer, etc. using for; Hand and foot swelling, leprosy, toothache, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, etc. used in cures; also used as uterotonic, cleanser, fish poison; Milky latex is used against paralysis	Patra et al. (2009a), Konishi et al. (1998), Konishi et al. (2000), Masuda et al. (1999), Subhan et al. (2008), Ravindran et al. (2012) and Arumugam et al. (2012)
Sindukua (Kandelia candel (L.) Druce)	–	Mixed with dry ginger in water, the crust is used to improve diabetes	Wei et al. (2011), Zhang et al. (2010) and Ravindran et al. (2012)
Tunda (Lumnitzera Racemosa Willd.)	–	Root itching and herpes, asthma, diabetes, snake bite, etc. using for; It is also used as an antifertility agent	Bunyapraphatsara et al. (2003) and Ravikumar and Gnanadesigan (2011a)
Laguncularia racemosa (L) Gaertn. f.	–	Root itching and herpes, asthma, diabetes, snake bite, etc. Using for; It is also used as an antifertility agent	Shi et al. (2010)