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. 2019 Oct 29;6:156. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00156

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) complex and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in aged (> 2 years) porcine aortic valves (AVs). (A) Zymography showing activity of MMP9-NGAL complex, Pro-MMP9, and MMP2 in fresh, normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (13% O2) porcine AVs cultured for 1 week. (B) Quantification of band intensities using densitometry. Data shown are mean ± SD from N = 3 animals. * and † represent significant differences vs. fresh AV controls and between 20 and 13% O2 cultured AVs, respectively. *, †P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 determined by one-way ANOVA using Tukey post-hoc test. (C) Immunohistochemistry analysis showing expression of NFκB p65 in fresh and cultured porcine AVs in 20, and 13% O2. Scale bar: 200 μm. F, fibrosa; S, spongiosa; V, ventricularis. (D) Immunofluorescence staining showing co-expression of NFκB and HIF1α in porcine AVs cultured in 13% O2. Scale bar: 100 μm.