Table 1:
Characteristics of endemic Burkitt lymphoma cases and controls the EMBLEM Study in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya, 2010 – 2016.
| Uganda | Tanzania | Kenya | All countries combined* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 10 (3.1) | 56 (4.9) | 13 (10.2) | 45 (5.5) | 43 (17.4) | 92 (9.5) | 66 (9.5) | 193 (6.6) |
| 3–5yr | 78 (24.2) | 262 (22.8) | 45 (35.2) | 198 (24.2) | 63 (25.5) | 242 (25.1) | 186 (26.7) | 702 (23.9) |
| 6–8yr | 101 (31.4) | 376 (32.7) | 25 (19.5) | 281 (34.3) | 67 (27.1) | 261 (27.1) | 193 (27.7) | 918 (31.3) |
| 9–11yr | 78 (24.2) | 286 (24.9) | 26 (20.3) | 181 (22.1) | 44 (17.8) | 203 (21.0) | 148 (21.2) | 670 (22.8) |
| 12–15 | 55 (17.1) | 170 (14.8) | 19 (14.8) | 114 (13.9) | 30 (12.2) | 167 (17.3) | 104 (14.9) | 451 (15.4) |
| Mean age, (standard deviation) | 8.0 (3.4) | 7.7 (3.3) | 6.8 (3.8) | 7.4 (3.3) | 6.6 (3.8) | 7.4 (3.7) | 7.3 (3.7) | 7.5 (3.5) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 120 (38.0) | 541 (47.0) | 56 (44.1) | 387 (47.3) | 80 (32.5) | 448 (46.4) | 256 (37.2) | 1376 (46.9) |
| Male | 196 (62.0) | 609 (53.0) | 71 (55.9) | 432 (52.8) | 166 (67.5) | 517 (53.6) | 433 (62.8) | 1558 (53.1) |
| Missing/Unknown | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||||
| Male:female ratio | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| Design variables | ||||||||
| Proximity to water† | ||||||||
| Far | 33 (13.7) | 486 (42.3) | 43 (35.3) | 411 (50.2) | 55 (26.1) | 500 (51.8) | 131 (22.8) | 1397 (47.6) |
| Near | 208 (86.3) | 664 (57.7) | 79 (64.8) | 408 (49.8) | 156 (73.9) | 465 (48.2) | 443 (77.2) | 1537 (52.4) |
| Missing/Unknown | 81 | 6 | 36 | 123 | ||||
| Population density of children 0–15 years‡ | ||||||||
| Low | 151 (62.7) | 753 (65.5) | 46 (37.7) | 418 (51.0) | 125 (59.0) | 652 (67.6) | 322 (56.0) | 1823 (62.1) |
| High | 90 (37.3) | 397 (34.5) | 76 (62.3) | 401 (49.0) | 87 (41.0) | 313 (32.4) | 253 (44.0) | 1111 (37.9) |
| Missing/Unknown | 81 | 6 | 35 | 122 | ||||
| Year of study enrollment | ||||||||
| 2010–2012 | 109 (33.9) | 68 (5.9) | 20 (15.6) | 21 (8.5) | 150 (21.5) | 68 (2.3) | ||
| 2013–2015 | 177 (55.0) | 1082 (94.1) | 96 (75.0) | 178 (21.7) | 206 (83.4) | 369 (38.2) | 479 (68.7) | 1629 (55.5) |
| 2016 | 36 (11.2) | 12 (9.4) | 641 (78.3) | 20 (8.1) | 596 (61.8) | 68 (9.8) | 1237 (42.2) | |
*
This column shows the observed characteristics based on data from all the three study countries combined; the percentages are for columns.
†
Villages were classified as ‘near water’ if any part of their boundary was within 500 meters of surface water; otherwise they were classified as ‘far from water’.
‡
Villages were classified as ‘high population-density’, a surrogate for urban areas, if the population count of children aged 0–15 years was greater than or equal to the average population count for census enumeration areas in the regions studied for each country; otherwise as ‘low population-density’ (See Methods).