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. 2019 Winter;18(4):ar56. doi: 10.1187/cbe.18-05-0077

TABLE 3.

Frequency of active and constructive usage of thinking toolsa

Faculty Students
Tool Constructive Active Constructive Active
Prior knowledge 74 26 62 38
Note taking 75 25 21 79
Summarizing 73 27 60 40

aEach instance of tool usage was classified as either active or constructive, as defined by Chi and Wylie (2014). The percent of the total number of times a tool was used is shown.