Figure 3. Viperin enhances ISG expression in both BMDMs and MEFs transfected with poly(I:C) or CpG DNA. (A-F) The effect of viperin on expression of ISGs in BMDMs and MEFs upon poly(I:C) or CpG DNA treatment. WT and viperin KO BMDMs (A-C) or MEFs (D-F) were treated with lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo), or transfected with poly(I:C) (1 μg/ml) or CpG DNA (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of ISGs in the cells were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized to β-actin mRNA (A, D). Data are presented as mean±SEM of triplicate samples and are representative of three individual experiments. Expression of viperin and ISG15 proteins in the cells was detected by immunoblot using anti-viperin (MaP.VIP) or anti-ISG15 antibody (B, C, E, F). GRP94 served as a protein-loading control. Quantitation of ISG15 protein level was normalized to GRP94.

^*p<0.05; ^**p<0.01; ^***p<0.001.