Table 5.
Diagnostic performance of candidate markers in distinguishing CKDu, and ECKD from NECKD
| Parameter | AUC (95% CI) | % (95% CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | |||
| CKDu vs. NECKD | ||||
| A1M | 0.621 (0.527–0.716) | 36.0 (26.1–47.3) | 97.6 (91.2–99.8) | 0.012 |
| B2M | 0.624 (0.53–0.717) | 45.3 (34.6–56.6) | 77.6 (67.6–85.2) | 0.009 |
| CST3 | 0.585 (0.49–0.679) | 80.0 (69.4–87.5) | 36.5 (27.0–47.1) | 0.078 |
| NGAL | 0.546 (0.452–0.64) | 93.3 (84.9–97.4) | 22.4 (14.8–32.4) | 0.333 |
| OPN | 0.627 (0.533–0.721) | 48.0 (37.1–59.1) | 78.8 (68.9–86.2) | 0.008 |
| RBP4 | 0.688 (0.602–0.775) | 58.7 (47.4–69.1) | 70.6 (60.1–79.2) | <0.0001 |
| KIM1 | 0.721 (0.637–0.805) | 44.0 (33.3–55.3) | 91.8 (83.6–96.2) | <0.0001 |
| TIMP1 | 0.633 (0.540–0.725) | 42.7 (32.1–54.0) | 80.0 (70.1–87.2) | 0.005 |
| ECKD vs. NECKD | ||||
| A1M | 0.527 (0.437–0.616) | 92.7 (84.6–96.8) | 17.6 (10.9–27.3) | 0.562 |
| B2M | 0.561 (0.472–0.650) | 75.6 (65.2–83.6) | 44.7 (34.6–55.3) | 0.176 |
| CST3 | 0.507 (0.417–0.597) | 37.8 (28.1–48.6) | 71.8 (61.3–80.2) | 0.884 |
| NGAL | 0.557 (0.467–0.646) | 58.5 (47.7–68.6) | 58.8 (48.2–68.7) | 0.216 |
| OPN | 0.677 (0.595–0.759) | 41.5 (31.4–52.3) | 89.4 (80.8–94.5) | <0.0001 |
| RBP4 | 0.672 (0.590–0.754) | 89.0 (80.2–94.3) | 42.4 (32.4–53.0) | <0.0001 |
| KIM1 | 0.538 (0.448–0.628) | 62.2 (51.4–71.9) | 47.1 (36.8–57.6) | 0.407 |
| TIMP1 | 0.511 (0.422–0.601) | 30.5 (21.6–41.2) | 78.8 (68.9–86.2) | 0.804 |
A1M, alpha 1 microglobulin; AUC, area under the curve; B2M, beta 2 microglobulin; CI, confidence interval; CKDu, chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology; CST3, cystatin C; ECKD, endemic chronic kidney disease; KIM1, kidney injury molecule 1; NEC, nonendemic control; NECKD, nonendemic chronic kidney disease; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; OPN, osteopontin; RBP4, retinol binding protein 4; TIMP1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.