Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the cohort
| Demographic characteristics (n = 78) | Number |
|---|---|
| Age, mo, median (IQR) | 108 (69.2, 134.2) |
| Sex (%) | Male, 75% |
| Duration of CKD from diagnosis, mo, median (IQR) | 12 (3−21) |
| Stage of CKD, n (%) | Stage II, 21 (27) Stage III, 26 (33) (IIIa, 14; IIIb, 12) Stage IV, 31 (40) |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) at recruitment, median (IQR) | 34.67 (24.3, 65.4) |
| Incident cases (n = 28, 36%) | 32 (21.5, 55.6) |
| Prevalent cases | 37 (27.2, 68.1) |
| Prematurity/low birthweight | 14 (19) |
| Educational status of parents | 68% Nongraduates |
| Family income <250 USD/mo | 75% |
| Socioeconomic status (Modified Kuppuswamy classification) | 62% Middle class 25.6% Lower class |
| Etiology of CKD | |
| Glomerular disease | 12 (15) |
| Nonglomerular disease | |
| Renal hypoplasia/dysplasia | 20 (25.6) |
| Obstructive uropathy | 12 (15.3) |
| Neurogenic bladder | 13 (16.6) |
| Reflux nephropathy | 5 (6.4) |
| Others | 14 (18) |
| Unknown | 2 (2.5) |
| Comorbidities associated with CKD at recruitment | |
| Proteinuria (n = 73, 93.5%) | UPCr >2, 36 (46) ACEi use, 4 (5) |
| Hypertension (n = 46, 59%) | Treated, 21 (45.6) Uncontrolled BP, 14 (66) |
| Anemia | n = 29 (37.17) |
| Mineral bone disease | Bony deformities, 14 (19) |
| Hypocalcemia, 36 (46.1) | |
| Hyperphosphatemia, 25 (32) | |
| Vitamin D deficiency, 72 (92.3) | |
| Hyperparathyroidism, 44 (56.4) | |
| Cardiovascular | Dyslipidemia, 50 (64) |
| LVH, 34 (44.7) | |
| CIMT, cm, mean 0.05 ± 0.008 SD | |
| Growth | Median height z score, −2.1 (−3.3, −1.16) |
| Short stature, 51 (65.4) | |
| Median BMI z score, −1 (−2, −0.12) | |
| Undernourished, 20 (25.6) | |
| Delayed puberty, 22 (66) | |
| Metabolic acidosis | 59 (75.7) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness test; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; IQR, interquartile range; UPCr, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
Numbers in parentheses are percentages unless otherwise noted.