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. 2019 Jun 26;4(10):1472–1477. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.06.004

Table 3.

Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of baseline and follow-up risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease in children

Univariate analysis
Risk factors Hazard ratio (95% CI) after adjusting for baseline GFR P value
Nonmodifiable risk factors
 Glomerular disease 2.59 (1.07, 6.27) 0.034
 eGFR at baseline 3.3 (1.3, 8.4) 0.001
Modifiable risk factors 0.56
 Proteinuria 3.1 (1.3, 7.2) 0.009
 Hypertension 1.4 (0.43, 4.9) 0.56
 Anemia 4.08 (1.8, 9.26) 0.001
 Calcium level 0.3 (0.19, 0.487) <0.001
 Phosphate level 2.09 (1.36, 3.22 0.001
 Parathormone level 1.004 (1.002, 1.005) <0.001
 Height z score 0.75 (0.6, 0.9) 0.006
 Metabolic acidosis 3.05 (0.91, 10.2) 0.071
Multivariate analysis
Glomerular disease 2.7 (1.1, 6.3) 0.032
eGFR at baseline 3.39 (1.3, 8.8) 0.005
Proteinuria (baseline) 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) 0.009
Proteinuria on follow-up 1.4 (1.2, 1.52) 0.005
Uncontrolled hypertension at last follow-upa 2.53 (1.01, 6.77) 0.04
Uncontrolled hypertension at last follow-up + proteinuriaa 4.2 (1.85. 9.63) 0.001

CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.

Numbers in bold indicate statistically significant risk factors.

a

Uncontrolled hypertension is defined as blood pressure above the 95th centile for age and sex despite medications.