Table 2.
Comparison of primary outcome between treatment groups
| Primary outcome measure | Mean (SD) score | Crude mean difference (95% CI)* | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stand alone VR | Blended VR | Usual care | Stand alone VR v usual care | Blended VR v usual care | Stand alone VR v usual care | Blended VR v usual care | |||
| VSS-SF (intention to treat)‡: | n=98 | n=104 | n=120 | n=218 | n=224 | n=218 | n=224 | ||
| Baseline | 14.1 (8.9) | 13.8 (8.3) | 13.2 (8.6) | - | - | - | - | ||
| 3 months | 8.1 (7.4) | 8.6 (7.1) | 11.5 (9.9) | −4.2 (−5.9 to −2.5) | −3.9 (−5.5 to −2.2) | −4.3 (−5.9 to −2.6) | −3.9 (−5.5 to −2.3) | ||
| 6 months | 7.5 (7.8) | 8.7 (6.9) | 10.9 (9.3) | −4.0 (−5.8 to −2.3) | −3.5 (−5.1 to −1.8) | −4.1 (−5.8 to −2.5) | −3.5 (−5.1 to −1.9) | ||
| VSS-SF (per protocol)§: | n=47 | n=55 | n=120 | n=167 | n=175 | n=167 | n=175 | ||
| Baseline | 13.2 (6.2) | 15.0 (8.6) | 13.2 (8.6) | - | - | - | - | ||
| 3 months | 6.0 (4.0) | 10.0 (8.0) | 11.5 (9.9) | −6.0 (−8.1 to −4.0) | −3.4 (−5.3 to −1.4) | −6.0 (−8.0 to −3.9) | −3.3 (−5.2 to −1.4) | ||
| 6 months | 5.9 (5.0) | 9.4 (7.4) | 10.9 (9.3) | −5.4 (−7.5 to −3.4) | −3.6 (−5.6 to −1.7) | −5.4 (−7.4 to −3.4) | −3.5 (−5.5 to −1.6) | ||
VR=vestibular rehabilitation; VSS-SF=vertigo symptom scale-short form, range 0-60, clinically relevant difference 3 points.
Adjusted for baseline values and repeated measurements within participants.
Adjusted for baseline values, repeated measurements within participants, age, sex, level of education, living situation, number of chronic diseases, time since vestibular diagnosis, and presence of a panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, or major depressive disorder at baseline.
All participants analysed according to allocation.
Only participants in stand alone VR group who completed all six online sessions and participants in blended VR group who completed all six online sessions and both physiotherapist visits were analysed.