Figure 1.

Structures of the eight gene clusters that might be involved in antibiotic production. The core biosynthetic gene indicates that the structural gene is directly involved in synthesizing the core structure of antibiotics. The additional biosynthetic gene indicates that the structural gene is involved in synthesizing the attachment group of antibiotics (A). Antifungal activities of each mutant (fusA⁻, pabB⁻, pmxA1⁻, pbtC⁻, triE⁻, dhbE⁻, padeC⁻, and paenC⁻) against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium (B). Antifungal activities of the fusA⁻ mutant against F. asiaticum, F. moniliforme, V. albo-atrum, F. graminearum, M. persoon, A. mali, B. cinereal, and A. niger (C).