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. 2019 Sep 27;8(10):1163. doi: 10.3390/cells8101163

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of KA on the LPS-induced production and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (A,B) Cells were pretreated with KA (20, 40, or 80 μM) for 1 h prior to stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h. IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture media were quantified using EIA kits, respectively. (C,D) Total RNA was prepared from cells pretreated with KA (20, 40, or 80 μM) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS for 2 h. The mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by qRT-PCR. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were adjusted by β-actin expression. The values shown are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. # P < 0.05 vs. the control group; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs. LPS-stimulated cells.