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. 2019 Sep 27;8(10):1163. doi: 10.3390/cells8101163

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Inhibitory effects of KA on pro-inflammatory mediators and AP-1, NF-κB, and STAT1/3 activation in DSS-induced colon tissues. (A,B) Total RNAs were prepared from DSS-induced colon tissues and analyzed for the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α by qRT-PCR. The levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were adjusted by β-actin expression. Values are the mean ± SDs (n = 12); # P < 0.05 vs. the vehicle-treated control group; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs. the DSS-treated group. (C) Colon tissues were homogenized after 7 days of DSS treatment, and whole proteins were prepared for Western blotting to detect the protein expression of p-c-Fos, c-Fos, p-p65, p65, p-STAT1 (Y701), STAT1, p-STAT (S727), p-STAT3 (Y705), and STAT3 antibodies. β-actin was used as an internal control. Values in brackets means the relative density of a representative image.