Table 1.

Lead compounds from natural products having neuroprotective effect in experimental PD model.

Class	Compounds	MitoQC	ProteoQC	Refs.	Class	Compounds	MitoQC	ProteoQC	Refs.
polyphenol/flavonoid	Epigallocatechin gallate	○	○	[61,62]	terpene/diterpene	11-Dehydrosinulariolide	△	△	[47]
	Apigenin	○	○	[63,64]		Tanshinone I	○	○	[48,65]
	Baicalein	○	○	[40,66]		Tanshinone IIA	○	○	[49,65]
	Luteolin	○	○	[41,67]		Triptolide		○	[68]
	Naringenin	○	○	[42,59]	terpene/triterpene	Celastrol	○	○	[69,70]
	Puerarin	○	○	[43,71]		Ursolic acid	○		[72]
	Quercetin	○	○	[73,74]		Asiaticoside A	○		[75]
	Rutin	○	△	[60,76]	terpene/sesquiterpene	Nerolidol	○		[77]
	Isoquercitrin	○	△	[60]	saponin	Astragaloside IV	○	○	[78,79]
	Kaempferol	○	△	[80,81]		Gypenosides	○		[82]
	Isoliquiritigenin	○		[83]		Notoginsenoside Rg1	○		[51]
	Genistein	○		[44]		Panaxatriol saponin	○		[84]
	Biochanin A	○		[85]		Onjisaponin B	△	○	[86]
	Hesperidin	○		[87]		Ginsenoside Rb1		○	[88]
	Morin	○		[89]		Ginsenoside Rd	○		[52]
	Myricetin	○		[90,91]		Ginsenoside Re	○		[52]
	Dihydromyricetin	○	○	[92,93]		Ginsenoside Rg1	○	○	[94,95]
	Troxerutin	○		[96]	alkaloid	Ligustrazine	○	○	[53]
	Liquiritigenin	○	○	[97]		Isorhynchophylline	○	○	[98,99]
polyphenol/coumarin	Auraptene	○		[45]		Conophylline	△	○	[100]
	Fraxetin	○		[101]		Amurensin G		○	[102]
	Esculin	○		[103]		6-Hydroxy-N-acetyl-β-oxotryptamine	○		[104]
	Esculetin	○		[105]	diketo-piperazine	Mactanamide	○		[104]
polyphenol/cinnamate	Chlorogenic acid	○	○	[106,107]	polyketide	8-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylisochroman-6-ol	○		[104]
	Curcumin	○	○	[90,108]		3-O-Methylorsellinic acid	○		[104]
	Rosmarinic acid	○	○	[109,110]	dibenzofuran	Candidusin A	○		[104]
polyphenol/stilbene	Resveratrol	○	○	[46,111,112,113]		4″-Dehydroxycandidusin A	○		[104]
	Piceatannol	○		[105]	mannose	Mannosylglycerate		○	[114]
	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydr-oxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	○	○	[115,116]	deoxy-adenosine	Cordycepin	○		[117]
	Salvianolic acid A	○	△	[118,119]	polysaccharide	Sulfated hetero-polysaccharides	○		[120]
	Salvianolic acid B	○	○	[93,121]		Sulfated galactofucan polysaccharides	○		[120]
	Polydatin	○		[122]		Fucoidan	○	△	[54,123,124]
polyphenol/xanthone	Mangiferin	○		[125]	quinone	Thymoquinone	○	○	[126,127]
polyphenol/lignan	Sesamol	○	○	[59,128]		2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone	○		[129]
	Sesamin	○		[128]	anisole	β-asarone	○	○	[130]
	Magnolol	○		[131,132]	benzofurans	3-n-butylphthalide	○	○	[133]
terpene/carotenoid	Crocetin	○	○	[134,135]	glucoside	Gastrodin	○		[55]
	Crocin	○	○	[135,136]	bibenzyl	Chrysotoxine	○		[137]
	Astaxanthin	○	○	[50,138]	indolizine	Corynoxine B	△	○	[139]
terpene/monoterpene	Paeoniflorin	○	○	[140,141]	iridoid	Oleuropein	○		[76]
	Catalpol	○		[142]	lactate	3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid	○		[56]
	Isoborneol	○		[143]	phenol-glycoside	Salidroside	△	○	[57,144,145]

We list the lead compounds in natural products having a neuroprotective effect in PD, and summarize their effects according to mitochondrial quality control (MitoQC) and protein quality control (ProteoQC), with references. Open circles or triangles indicate the existence of direct or indirect evidence in the literature, respectively.