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Effects of PTA on oxidative stress-related factors in the kidneys of db/db mice. PTA enhanced the levels of (A) reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it reduced (B) glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px), (C) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (D) catalase (CAT) in the kidneys of db/db mice, as detected via ELISA. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 12). ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 vs. db/m+ mice, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. non-treated db/db mice.
