AKT	Protein Kinase B
ALB	Albumin
Ara	L-Arabinose
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
AUC	Area Under the Curve
BCA	Butyleyanoacrylate
BSA	Bovine Serum Albumin
BUN	Blood Urea Nitrogen
CAT	Catalase
CTRL	Control Group
DEAE−52	Diethylethanolamine-52
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
DN	Diabetic Nephropathy
ECL	Electrochemiluminescence
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
FT-IR	Fourier Transform Infrared
Gal	D-Galactose
GHbA1c	Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c
Glc	D-Glucose
H and E	Hematoxylin Eosin
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
GSH-Px	Glutathione Peroxide
HDL-C	High Density Lipid Cholesterol
HPLC	High Performance Liquid Chromatography
IFN-γ	Interferon-Γ
IκBα	Inhibitor Of ΚB Alpha
IKKα+β	Inhibitor Of ΚB Kinase Alpha + Beta
ILs	Interleukins
INS	Insulin
LDL-C	Low Density Lipid Cholesterol
LEP	Leptin
Man	D-Mannose
MCP-1	Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1
M-CSF	Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Met	Metformin
MMP-9	Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
NAG	N-Acetyl-Β-D-Glucosidase
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor-ΚB
OGTT	Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
PKA	cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
PMSF	Phenylmethanesulfonyl Fluoride
PVDF	Polyvinylidene Difluoride
Rha	L-Rhamnose
RIPA	Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SDS-PAGE	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
SOD	Superoxide Dismutase
T2DM	Type 2 DM
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor-A
UV	Ultraviolet
Xyl	D-Xylose
6-K-PGF1α	6-Keto Prostaglandin F 1A