Table 4.

Literature data related applying cryogenic treatment in nonconventional manufacturing process.

First Author, [#]	Process	Tool Material	Workpiece Material	Key Findings
Sundaram [122]	EDM	Copper	Be–Cu	Higher MRR due to electrical conductivity improvement, and marginal effect on electrode life
Gill [123]	EDD	Copper	Ti-6246	DCT improves MRR, electrode life, and surface finish.
Kumar [128]	EDM	Copper	Inconel 718	MRR and EWR have been improved due to formation of hard carbide compounds on the electrode.
Kapoor [132]	EDM	Brass	En-31	Improvement of electrical conductivity and MRR after DCT has been achieved due to refinement of grains and reduction in microcavities.
Jafferson [136]	MEDM	Copper	AISI 304	DCT encourages average crystal size of brass, copper, and tungsten by the value of 29%, 12%, and 4%, respectively, which result in enhancement of hardness and wear resistance.
Kumar [139]	EDM	Copper and Copper-Tungsten	Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-5Al-2.5Sn	Marginal improvement of MRR was observed.
Xu [146]	EB welding	N.A.	Ti-6Al-4V	Due to alteration of quantity, size, and morphology of the α and β phases after DCT, hardness in welded area was higher than that in the base metal.
Khanna [147]	WEDM	N.A.	AISI D3	Transformation of retained austenite to martensite and refinement of carbide particles after DCT execution, thermal conductivity has been improved.
Goyal [148]	EDM	Copper	AISI D2	Higher MRR (~18% enhancement), lower EWR, and surface roughness (26% and 11% improvement, respectively) were obtained after DCT.