| C.V | cardiovascular |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNMT | DNA methyltransfersase |
| FcγR | Immunoglobulin G Fragment C-gamma receptor |
| GLUT | glucose transporter |
| GSH | reduced form glutathione |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| GST | glutathione S-transferase |
| HAT | histone acetyltransferase |
| HDAC | histone deacetylase |
| IFN | interferon |
| IL | interleukin |
| LN | lupus nephritis |
| lncRNA | long noncoding ribonucleic acid |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
| miR | microRNA |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
| ncRNA | non-coding RNA |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular trap |
| Ras | rat sarcoma protein, a superfamily of small GTPase |
| RNS | reactive nitrogen species |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SIRT1 | sirtuin 1 |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLEDAI | SLE disease activity index |
| SLEDAI-2K | SLEDAI in 2000 year |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TET | ten-eleven translocation DNA dioxygenase |
| Th | helper T cell |
| Treg | regulatory T cell |