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. 2019 Oct 6;8(10):1207. doi: 10.3390/cells8101207

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the human INS/IGF-II/H19 cluster genes on chromosome 11. The human IGF-II gene (consists of 10 exons) is transcribed into different mRNA transcripts originating from five unique promoters (P0-P4): IGF-II reverse transcribed yields IGF-II anti-sense (IGF-IIas) and micro RNA—miR-483. Human IGF-II mRNA translates to IGF-II peptide and preptin. The INS gene is located only 1.4 kb upstream from IGF-II consisting of three exons coding for insulin and INSIGF. The H19 gene is located 128kb downstream of IGF-II linked to it by an imprinting control region (ICR) to which a transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) can bind and regulate imprinting of IGF-II/H19. The human H19 gene transcribes in a sense direction to yield long non-coding H19 and micro RNA—miR-675 or in antisense direction to 91H, which translates to H19 opposite tumor suppressor (HOTS).