Table 1.

Proteins involved in Wnt or Hippo signaling.

Name	Function
14-3-3	Chaperone proteins binding YAP/TAZ after phosphorylation by LATS1/2 and promoting their nuclear export
α-catenin	Linking protein between β-catenin-E-cadherin complex that regulates actin filament assembly.
AMER/WTX (APC Membrane Recruitment Protein 1) (Wilms Tumor On The X)	Protein acting in Wnt pathway that facilitates the formation of complex composed by Axin, GSK3 and LRP.
AP2 (Adaptor protein 2)	Adaptor protein which contributes to clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
APC (Adematous polyposis coli)	Negative regulator of the Wnt pathway that controls β-catenin degradation. Also regulates the Hippo pathway controlling TAZ degradation.
ARVCF (Armadillo Repeat Protein Deleted In Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome)	Member of the armadillo protein family related to p120-catenin and involved in Rac1 activation
Axin	Member of the β-catenin and TAZ destruction complex. Negative regulator of the canonical Wnt pathway.
BCL9	β-catenin cofactor relevant for the transcription of canonical Wnt target genes
β-catenin	Protein involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion and gene transcription. Acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling cascade.
βTrCP1 (Beta-Transducin Repeat Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase)	Ubiquitin ligase that regulates the Wnt and Hippo pathways through β-catenin and TAZ degradation, respectively.
Caveolin	Membrane protein involved in Wnt-dependent LRP5/6/Dvl2/Axin/GSK3 internalization and required for β-catenin accumulation.
CK1α (Casein Kinase 1 alpha)	Protein kinase that associates to Axin and participates in the β-catenin degradation complex phosphorylating this protein and Axin
CK1γ (Casein Kinase 1 gamma)	Protein Kinase that is recruited to the Wnt signalosome and promotes LRP5/6 phosphorylation
CK1ε (Casein Kinase 1 epsilon)	Protein kinase rapidly activated canonical and non-canonical Wnt ligands and required for Dvl2 association to the receptor complex.
Daple	Protein involved in Rac1 activation by non-canonical Wnt
DDX3 (DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked)	RNA helicase activated by Wnt signaling relevant for CK1ε activation
DKK1 (Dickkopf WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 1)	Extracellular protein inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway.
Dvl2 (Dishevelled 2)	Cytosolic adaptor protein involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway. Wnt activation recruits Dvl to the membrane. It participates in assembling the signalosome. It is also detected in the nucleus bound to p65, FOXK and c-Jun
DYRK1 (Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1A)	Protein tyrosine kinase that enhances p120-catenin stability and relieves Kaiso repression
E- and N-cadherin	Transmembrane proteins directly bound to β-catenin, p120-catenin and LRP5/6 at the adherens junctions essential for intercellular interactions
FOXK1/2 (Forkhead Box K1)	Transcriptional factor involved in the nuclear localization of Dvl2
FOXO3 (Forkhead Box O3)	Transcriptional factor that upon binding to β-catenin behaves as a transcriptional activator
Frodo	Dvl2-associated protein that also interacts with p120-catenin
Fyn	Member of the Src family of protein kinases activated by canonical and non-canonical Wnts and required for Stat3 phosphorylation and transcriptional action
Fz (Frizzled)	Family of membrane receptors involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling.
Gα12/13 (G Protein Subunits Alpha 12 and 13)	Family of heterotrimeric G proteins required for Rho activation and the inhibition of Lats1/2 in the Hippo pathway.
Glis2	Transcriptional repressor bound to p120-catenin in the nucleus
GSK3 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3)	Serine/threonine protein kinase which phosphorylates β-catenin targeting it for degradation. Inhibited by canonical Wnt
IQGAP1 (IQ Motif Containing GTPase Activating Protein 1)	Modulator of Dvl2 nuclear localization in Wnt signaling.
JNK2 (c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2)	Protein kinase activated by canonical Wnt that modifies β-catenin and c-Jun facilitating gene transcription
c-Jun	Substrate of JNK2 that interacts with Tcf4/β-catenin to regulate gene transcription.
Kaiso	Transcriptional repressor of canonical Wnt target genes. Interacts with TCF4, β-catenin and p120-catenin.
LATS1/2 (Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 1 and 2)	Protein kinase that phosphorylates YAP1 and TAZ upon activation of the Hippo pathway promotes their nuclear export.
LRH1 (Liver Receptor Homolog-1)	Nuclear orphan receptor that interacts with β-catenin independent of TCF4. Is activated by β-catenin; also promotes activation of β-catenin/TCF4 complex.
LRP5/6 (LDL Receptor Related Protein 5 and 6)	Membrane co-receptor involved in canonical Wnt signaling
Mst1/2 (Mammalian STE20-Like Protein Kinase 1 and 2)	Protein kinase stimulated by the Hippo pathway that activates Lats1/2.
p120-catenin	Protein of the armadillo family essential for canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Interacts and stabilizes in the plasma membrane Cadherin/LRP and Ror2. Also binds and regulates CK1ε, Rac1 and Kaiso
p65 (Rel A proto-oncogene)	Transcription factor member of the NF- B complex. Binds Dvl2 in the nucleus.
PAK1 (P21 (RAC1) Activated Kinase 1)	Protein kinase stimulated by Rac1 in canonical and non-canonical Wnt. Activates JNK2 and promotes β-catenin translocation to the nucleus.
PKC-λ (Protein Kinase C-λ)	Atypical PKC that interacts with Dvl2
PR61ε (Protein Phosphatase 2, Regulatory Subunit B (B56), Epsilon Isoform)	Regulatory subunit of the PP2A phosphatase. Required for the activation of CK1ε at the initiation of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling.
Pygo (Pygopus Family PHD Finger)	Transcriptional factor that binds to Bcl9 enhancing β-catenin transcriptional activation
Rac1	Small GTPase activated by canonical and non-canonical Wnts. Activates PAK. Inhibits LATS1/2 up-regulating YAP1/TAZ transcriptional activity
REST/CoREST (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor)	Transcriptional complex modulated by p120-catenin
RhoA	Small GTPases that inhibits LATS1/2 activity in the Hippo pathway
Ror1,2 (Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor)	Tyrosine kinase-like orphan transmembrane co-receptor required for non-canonical Wnt signaling
Ryk	Transmembrane co-receptor involved in the non-canonical Wnt pathway.
Sav1 (Salvador Family WW Domain Containing Protein 1)	Regulator of Mst1 in the Hipo pathway required for LATS1 phosphorylation and activation
SIAH2 (Seven In Absentia (Drosophila) Homolog 2)	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase stimulated by non-canonical Wnt involved in β-catenin degradation independent on GSK3
Snail1	Transcription factor activated by canonical and non-canonical Wnt that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Src	Non-receptor tyrosine protein kinase that binds to Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6 and Ror1 and is stimulated by canonical and non-canonical Wnts.
STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3)	Transcription factor stimulated by canonical and non-canonical Wnts through the Fz/Fyn branch that activates genes involved in EMT and cell invasion.
TAZ	Transcriptional factor repressed by the Hippo pathway.
TBX5 (T-Box 5)	Transcriptional factor that interacts with β-catenin and YAP1 in the nucleus and promotes transcription of genes related to colon tumorigenesis
TCF4 (T-cell factor 4)	Transcription factor involved in canonical Wnt signaling which binds to DNA and recruits β-catenin.
TEAD (TEA Domain Transcription Factor)	Transcription factor. Forms a complex with YAP1 and TAZ in the nucleus and promotes the expression of proliferative genes.
TIAM1 (T Cell Lymphoma Invasion And Metastasis 1)	Rac1 Guanosine exchange factor involved in Wnt-dependent Rac1 activation.
TMEM59 (Transmembrane Protein 59)	Protein that potentiates the formation of the Wnt signalosome interacting with Fz and LRP.
TORC1 (mTOR complex 1)	Complex involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. Wnt-induced GSK3 inhibition activates TORC1 and protein translation
TSC2 (TS complex subunit2)	GTPase activating protein that modulates Rheb and TORC1 activity; Wnt-induced GSK3 inhibition blocks TSC2 phosphorylation and activates TORC1.
Vav2	Rac1 Guanosine exchange factor (GEF) involved in canonical Wnt-dependent Rac1 activation.
Wnt (Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family)	Family of extracellular factors that bind to specific membrane receptor complexes to activate canonical or non-canonical signaling pathways
YAP (Yes Associated Protein)	Transcriptional factor negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway that promotes its nuclear export. Binds to β-catenin.
Yes	Protein kinase of the Src family. It phosphorylates YAP1 regulating the activity of the YAP1/TBX5/β-catenin complex.