qRT-PCR-based expression profiling of COE genes at different stages of B. tabaci MED development. Total RNA was extracted during individual developmental stages of B. tabaci MED and used to analyze the expression levels of COEs with qRT-PCR. FPKM values were used to determine the transcript levels of COEs with RNA-seq, and the results are expressed in the form of log2(FPKM+1). Correlation between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were tested using SPSS 23 with Pearson and two-tailed test, r, Pearson correlation; p, significant. E, Egg; N1-2, 1st- and 2nd-instar nymphs; N3, 3rd-instar nymph; N4, 4th-instar nymph; A, Adult.