Exhibit 2.
Number and percent of skilled nursing facility (SNF) stays, percent of stays with no visit from a physician or advanced practitioner, and average number of days from SNF admission to the first visit, by patient and facility characteristics
| Characteristic | No. of stays | % of stays | No visit (%) | Avg. time to first visit (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 66–75 | 577,096 | 24.1 | 11.4 | 3.6 |
| 76–85 | 966,758 | 40.4 | 10.5 | 3.9 |
| More than 85 | 848,899 | 35.5 | 9.6 | 4.1 |
| Racea | ||||
| White | 2,099,873 | 87.8 | 10.6 | 3.9 |
| Black | 196,661 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 3.7 |
| Other | 92,047 | 3.9 | 9.8 | 3.7 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 813,607 | 34.0 | 10.7 | 3.8 |
| Female | 1,579,146 | 66.0 | 10.3 | 4.0 |
| Cognitive functioningb | ||||
| Not impaired | 1,320,149 | 55.2 | 8.7 | 3.5 |
| Mildly impaired | 574,271 | 24.0 | 13.3 | 4.0 |
| Moderately impaired | 420,165 | 17.6 | 11.1 | 4.8 |
| Severely impaired | 78,168 | 3.3 | 14.0 | 4.6 |
| Score measuring degree of loss in four ADLsc | ||||
| Less than 8 | 1,129,379 | 47.2 | 11.8 | 3.5 |
| 8 or more | 1,263,374 | 52.8 | 9.1 | 4.2 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | ||||
| Fewer than 7 | 1,304,050 | 54.5 | 10.8 | 4.0 |
| 7 or more | 1,088,703 | 45.5 | 9.9 | 3.8 |
| Any intensive care unit stay in prior year | ||||
| No | 1,721,974 | 71.8 | 10.6 | 4.0 |
| Yes | 670,779 | 28.2 | 10.1 | 3.6 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index | ||||
| Less than 8 | 1,186,805 | 49.6 | 10.6 | 3.9 |
| 8 or more | 1,205,948 | 50.4 | 10.2 | 3.9 |
| FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Hospital based | ||||
| No | 2,210,349 | 92.4 | 10.1 | 4.0 |
| Yes | 182,404 | 7.6 | 14.3 | 2.3 |
| Part of a chain | ||||
| No | 1,040,827 | 43.5 | 10.3 | 3.7 |
| Yes | 1,351,926 | 56.5 | 10.5 | 4.1 |
| Rural location | ||||
| No | 1,970,871 | 82.4 | 7.6 | 3.2 |
| Yes | 421,882 | 17.6 | 23.7 | 8.1 |
| Region | ||||
| Midwest | 625,066 | 26.1 | 13.8 | 5.3 |
| Northeast | 543,181 | 22.7 | 5.2 | 2.2 |
| South | 882,256 | 36.9 | 11.0 | 4.1 |
| West | 342,250 | 14.3 | 11.0 | 3.8 |
| Ownership | ||||
| For profit | 1,636,079 | 68.4 | 10.0 | 4.0 |
| Government | 79,738 | 3.3 | 16.8 | 5.2 |
| Nonprofit | 676,936 | 28.3 | 10.5 | 3.5 |
| Size | ||||
| Large (200 or more beds) | 283,482 | 11.9 | 5.4 | 2.6 |
| Medium (100–199 beds) | 1,317,824 | 55.1 | 9.4 | 3.9 |
| Small (fewer than 100 beds) | 791,447 | 33.1 | 13.8 | 4.4 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of Medicare Part B claims data from the Carrier File for 2,392,753 SNF stays by fee-for-service beneficiaries with both Part A and Part B coverage during the period January 2012–October 2014. NOTES “Admission” refers to admission to a SNF after discharge from an acute care hospital. “No visit” is explained in the notes to exhibit 1. Unadjusted time to first visit was measured in days from the day of admission to the SNF after discharge from an acute care hospital. With the exception of no significant difference in the number of days from SNF admission to first visit for patients with Elixhauser index less than 8, compared to an index of 8 or more, all comparisons within patient and facility characteristics were significantly different (p < 0:001).
For 4,172 stays (0.17 percent of the sample), patient race was unknown.
According to the Minimum Data Set, version 3.0, Cognitive Function Scale, as explained in text.
A higher score represents greater degree of loss of ability to perform four activities of daily living (ADLs) (eating, using the toilet, bed mobility, and transferring).