Exhibit 3.

Odds ratio (OR) of a patient’s having a physician or advanced practitioner visit during a stay at a skilled nursing facility (SNF), and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the number of days from SNF admission to first visit, by patient and facility characteristics

Characteristic	OR	IRR
PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS
Race (ref: white)
Black	1.12	0.96
Other	1.06	0.94
Sex (ref: male)
Female	1.02	1.02
Cognitive functioninga (ref: not impaired)
Mildly impaired	0.57	1.01
Moderately impaired	0.61	1.09
Severely impaired	0.40	1.02
FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Ownership (ref: freestanding facility)
Hospital-based facility	0.92	0.58
Facility part of chain (ref: no)
Yes	1.06	0.98
Location (ref: urban or suburban)
Rural	0.30	2.16
Region (ref: Northeast)
South	0.60	1.63
Midwest	0.46	2.01
West	0.50	1.67
Profit status (ref: not for profit)
For profit	1.07	0.98
Size (ref: small)
Medium	1.26	0.92
Large	1.76	0.76
Year (ref: 2012)
2013	1.10	0.97
2014	1.14	0.93

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of Medicare Part B claims data from the Carrier File for 2,392,753 SNF stays by fee-for-service beneficiaries with both Parts A and B coverage during the period January 2012–October 2014. NOTES “Admission” refers to admission to a SNF after discharge from an acute care hospital. In addition to the variables in the exhibit, ORs and IRRs were adjusted for patient age, Elixhauser comorbidities, hospitalizations or intensive care unit stays in the prior year, eligibility for Medicare because of disability or end-stage renal disease, whether the acute care stay was for a medical or surgical principal diagnosis, and functional status. All ORs and IRRs were significantly different from 1 (p < 0:001). Size (number of beds) is defined in exhibit 2.

^aAccording to the Minimum Data Set, version 3.0, Cognitive Function Scale, as explained in text.