Table 3.

Associations between Qualeffo-41, physical function and pain (multivariable regression)

		Standardized β	P-value	B (95% CI)	Adjusted R2
Score Pain	Pain	0.70	< 0.001	7.09 (5.98–8.19)	0.604
	BMI	0.10	0.076	0.66 (−0.07–1.40)
	Comorbidity	−0.18	0.001	−9.08 (−14.56–3.59)
Physical Function	Education, years	−0.13	0.024	−0.49 (− 0.91 to – 0.07)	0.632
	Pain	0.36	< 0.001	1.97 (1.36–2.57)
	BMI	0.11	0.042	0.39 (0.01–0.77)
	Comorbidity	−0.14	0.016	−3.66 (−6.63 to – 0.68)
	Functional reach	−0.25	< 0.001	−0.52 (− 0.78 to – 0.26)
	10 m walking speed	−0.34	< 0.001	−15.44 (−21.41 to-9.48)
Score Leisure and	Education, years	−0.17	0.006	−1.09 (− 1.86 to – 0.31)	0.549
Social Activities	Pain	0.28	< 0.001	2.41 (1.31–3.51)
	Functional reach	−0.18	0.002	−0.74 (−1.21 to– 0.27)
	10 m walking speed	−0.34	< 0.001	−25.73 (−37.34 to-14.12)
	30 s Sit to Stand	− 0.12	0.099	− 0.70 (−1.54–0.14)
Score views about	Education, years	− 0.12	0.131	− 0.79 (− 1.82–0.24)	0.277
Health in General	Pain	0.31	< 0.001	2.85 (1.39–4.31)
	Comorbidity	−0.15	0.054	−7.18 (−14.47–0.12)
	10 m walking speed	−0.26	0.003	−19.82 (−32.55 to −7.08)
Score Mood	Living condition	−0.16	0.055	−4.21 (−8.50–0.09)	0.104
	Pain	0.22	0.011	1.14 (0.26–2.04)
	10 m walking speed	−0.14	0.107	−5.97 (−13.27–1.32)
Total Score	Education, years	−0.15	0.006	−0.57 (− 0.97 to − 0.16)	0.658
	Pain	0.49	< 0.001	2.65 (2.07–3.22)
	Comorbidity	−0.15	0.008	−3.90 (−6.74 to – 1.13)
	Functional reach	−0.18	0.003	−0.39 (− 0.64 to – 0.13)
	10 m walking speed	−0.31	< 0.001	−14.12 (−19.77 to – 8.48)

Variables in bold were selected for the multivariable regression models using stepwise backward regression with p-value ≤0.20 as criteria for elimination