Table 1.
Demographic, laboratory parameters and LogMAR visual acuity in controls, no diabetic retinopathy (NO DR), non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)
| Variables | Controls (n = 22) (%) | NO DR (n = 22) (%) | NPDR (n = 22) (%) | PDR (n = 22) (%) | F/χ2 value | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.50 ± 1.6 | 53.24 ± 1.20 | 53.72 ± 1.40 | 53.61 ± 1.70 | 0.03 | 0.99 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 8 (36.4) | 13 (59.0) | 6 (27.0) | 9 (41.0) | 4.90 | 0.20 |
| Male | 14 (64.1) | 9 (41.0) | 16 (73.0) | 13 (59.0) | ||
| Hb (gm/dL) | 12.10 ± 0.32 | 12.0 ± 0.30 | 11.0 ± 0.50 | 11.40 ± 0.40 | 0.84 | 0.50 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.35 ± 0.11 | 8.0 ± 0.50 | 8.20 ± 0.43 | 8.80 ± 0.60 | 13.10 | < 0.001 |
| Blood sugar F (mg/dL) | 83.10 ± 2.10 | 142 ± 10.12 | 161.50 ± 11.12 | 180.90 ± 10.0 | 23.05 | < 0.001 |
| Blood sugar PP (mg/dL) | 105 ± 2.00 | 217.15 ± 15.20 | 251.0 ± 13.4 | 261.0 ± 12.28 | 36.20 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 25.9 ± 1.60 | 23.30 ± 2.01 | 18.10 ± 1.90 | 14.10 ± 1.20 | 9.05 | < 0.001 |
| S. urea (mg/dL) | 33.14 ± 0.88 | 33.26 ± 2.14 | 44.16 ± 3.44 | 48.12 ± 2.66 | 10.42 | < 0.01 |
| S. creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 1.31 ± 0.27 | 1.57 ± 0.08 | 4.10 | < 0.01 |
| VA (logMAR) | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 113.14 | < 0.001 |