Table 3.
Association of caregiver and patient characteristics with rehospitalization 3–12 months post-stroke
| Reference category (if applicable) | IRR (95% CI) | P-value | aIRRa (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAREGIVER FACTORS | |||||
| Age (in years) | 0.983 (0.968, 0.998) | 0.028 | |||
| Gender | Male | 1.043 (0.640¸ 1.698) | 0.866 | ||
| Ethnicity | Non-Chinese | 0.792 (0.525, 1.195) | 0.266 | ||
| Marital Status | Single | 0.649 (0.414, 1.017) | 0.059 | ||
| Caregiver relationship | Spouse | <0.001 | 0.032 | ||
| Child | 2.957 (1.906, 4.588) | 2.896 (1.399, 5.992) | |||
| Sibling | 1.368 (0.420, 4.453) | 0.952 (0.193, 4.687) | |||
| Others | 1.609 (0.676, 3.832) | 1.435 (0.416, 4.953) | |||
| Comorbid Conditions | None | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 0.842 (0.480, 1.477) | ||||
| 2 | 2.500 (1.491, 4.193) | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 0.545 (0.197, 1.509) | ||||
| Co-residing with patient | No | 0.841 (0.458, 1.544) | 0.576 | ||
| Caring for multiple care recipients | No | 1.726 (1.142, 2.608) | 0.010 | ||
| Memory problems | 1.026 (0.995, 1.058) | 0.106 | |||
| Depressive behavior problems | 1.026 (0.989, 1.065) | 0.173 | |||
| Disruptive behavior problems | 0.999 (0.944, 1.058) | 0.986 | |||
| Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale | 1.021 (1.006, 1.036) | 0.006 | |||
| Zarit Burden Interview | 1.024 (1.001, 1.048) | 0.039 | 1.038 (1.002, 1.076) | 0.040 | |
| Family conflict - Attitude towards patient | 0.966 (0.923, 1.010) | 0.126 | |||
| Family conflict - Attitude towards caregiver | 0.975 (0.931, 1.020) | 0.271 | |||
| Social support - FDW for general help | No | 0.469 (0.303, 0.726) | 0.001 | ||
| Social support - FDW for stroke patient | No | 2.703 (1.715, 4.260) | <0.001 | ||
| Social Support (perceived) | 1.016 (0.973, 1.060) | 0.478 | |||
| Care management strategies - Positive | 1.017 (0.998, 1.037) | 0.085 | |||
| Care management strategies - Negative | 0.980 (0.934, 1.028) | 0.408 | |||
| PATIENT FACTORS | |||||
| Age (in years) | 1.026 (1.006, 1.046) | 0.010 | |||
| Gender | Male | 1.624 (1.076, 2.451) | 0.021 | ||
| Ethnicity | Non-Chinese | 0.703 (0.466, 1.060) | 0.092 | ||
| Marital Status | Single | 0.984 (0.588, 1.649) | 0.952 | ||
| Ward Class | Unsubsidized | 0.491 (0.278, 0.869) | 0.014 | ||
| CCI (during stroke onset) | 1–3 | 0.004 | |||
| 4–6 | 1.049 (0.588, 1.870) | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 2.229 (1.186, 4.189) | ||||
| Stroke type | Non-ischemic | 1.035 (0.536, 1.996) | 0.919 | ||
| Recurrent stroke | No | 1.625 (1.005, 2.625) | 0.047 | ||
| National Institute of Health Scale | Mild (0–4) | 0.177 | |||
| Moderately severe (5–14) | 1.325 (0.861, 2.039) | ||||
| Severe (15–24) | 1.883 (0.887, 4.000) | ||||
| Modified Rankin Scale | No or slight disability (0–2) | ||||
| Moderate or severe disability (3–5) | 2.318 (1.423, 3.775) | 0.001 | |||
| Mini-Mental State Examination | No cognitive impairment (24–30) | ||||
| Mild cognitive impairment (18–23) | 2.728 (1.704, 4.365) | ||||
| Severe cognitive impairment (1–17) | 2.144 (1.236, 3.717) | ||||
| Discharge to Community Hospital (step-down facility) | No | 1.374 (0.884, 2.136) | 0.157 | ||
| Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale | 1.040 (1.007, 1.074) | 0.017 | |||
Abbreviations: IRR Incidence rate ratio, aIRR Adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI Confidence interval, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, FDW Foreign domestic worker
aModel adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and ward class of the patient