Table 1.

Mesenchymal stromal cell-extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) administration in animal models of renal damage. EVs released by MSCs derived from different tissues are effective in models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). EV sources, animal models, doses, and route of administration are listed. Abbreviation: IRI Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

MSC Origin	In vivo Models	Type of Injury	Injection	Administration	References
Bone Marrow	Glycerol	AKI	Single: 15 μg Single: 2.2 × 108	Intravenously	Bruno et al. [54] Collino et al. [57]
	IRI	AKI	Single: 30 μg	Intravenously	Gatti et al. [61]
	Cisplatin	AKI	Single: 100 μg	Intravenously	Bruno et al. [59]
	Gentamicin	AKI	Multiple: 100 μg	Intravenously	Reis et al. [60]
	IRI	AKI	Single:200 μg	Into renal capsule	Shen B et al. [62]
	IRI	CKD	Single: 30 μg	Intravenously	Gatti et al. [61]
	Cisplatin	CKD	Multiple: 100 μg followed by 50 μg every 4 days	Intravenously	Bruno et al. [59]
	Remnant kidney	CKD	Single: 30 μg	Caudal vein	He et al. [79]
	Type 1 diabetes	CKD	Single: 5.3 × 10 exosomes	Renal subcapsular	Nagaishi et al. [76]
	Unilateral ureteral obstruction	CKD	Single: 30 μg	Caudal vein	He et al. [80]
	Type 1 diabetes	CKD	Multiple: 1 × 1010/dose	Intravenously	Grange et al. [8]
Cord blood	Cisplatin	AKI	Single: 200 μg	Caudal vein	Zhou et al. [63]
	IRI	AKI	Single: 30 μg	Caudal vein	Ju et al. [65]
Warton Jelly	IRI	AKI	Single:100 μg	Caudal vein Caudal vein	Zou et al. [64] Gu et al. [66]
Renal	IRI	AKI	Single: 2 × 107	Intravenously	Choi et al. [68]
	IRI	AKI	Single: 400 × 106	Intravenously	Ranghino et al. [67]
Liver	Glycerol	AKI	Single:1.88 ± 0.6 × 109 Single: 5.53 ± 2.1 × 109	Intravenously Intravenously	Herrera Sanchez et al. [69]
	Aristolochic acid nephropathy	CKD	Multiple	Intravenously	Kholia et al. [77]
	Type 1 diabetes	CKD	Multiple: 1 × 1010/dose	Intravenously	Grange et al. [9]
Urine	Type 1 diabetes	CKD	Multiple: 100 μg weekly 12 times	Intravenously	Jiang et al. [75]
Embryonic	Remnant kidney and specic diet L-NG–nitroarginine and 6% NaCl	CKD	Multiple: 7 μg twice daily for 4 consecutive days	Intravenously	Van Koppen et al. [81]
Adipose tissue	Porcine model of metabolic syndrome and renal artery stenosis	CKD	Single: 1 × 1010	Intra renal	Eirin et al. [82]