Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics (n=656 )
| Characteristics | n | % | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 639 | 97.4 | 95.8–98.4 |
| Female | 15 | 2.3 | 1.3–3.9 |
| Age (years) | |||
| <45 | 322 | 49.1 | 45.2–53.0 |
| ≥45 | 305 | 46.5 | 42.6–50.4 |
| Education | |||
| Less than senior high school | 46 | 7.0 | 5.2–9.3 |
| Senior high school or higher | 610 | 93.0 | 90.7–94.8 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Total | 361 | 55.0 | 51.1–58.4 |
| Hypertension | 153 | 23.3 | 20.2–26.8 |
| Diabetes | 72 | 11.0 | 8.8–13.7 |
| Hyperlipemia | 92 | 14.0 | 11.5–17.0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 57 | 8.7 | 6.7–11.2 |
| Stroke | 9 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.7 |
| Chronic Bronchitis | 25 | 3.8 | 2.5–5.6 |
| Emphysema | 4 | 0.6 | 0.2–1.7 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 16 | 2.4 | 1.4–4.0 |
| Asthma | 32 | 4.9 | 3.4–7.0 |
| Digestive tract disease | 77 | 11.7 | 9.4–14.5 |
| Hepatic-nephrotic disease | 9 | 1.4 | 0.7–2.7 |
| Cancer | 5 | 0.8 | 0.3–1.9 |
| Psychological disease | 7 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 |
| Others | 37 | 5.6 | 4.0–7.7 |
This study was conducted in the outpatient department of a large urban general hospital in Beijing, China, June–July 2017. We selected participants who were older than 18 years of age, had visited any of the three clinics in the past 2 months, had smoked 100 or more cigarettes in their lives, and currently smoked every day. Patients who reported non-daily smoking or who were unwilling to provide individual demographic information were excluded.