Table 3.
Clinical and echocardiography parameters for patients with left atrial appendage ejection fraction ≤ 20% or LAAEF > 20%.
| Variables | LAAEF ≤ 20% n = 30 |
LAAEF > 20% n = 51 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65.17 ± 6.85 | 61.35 ± 8.64 | 0.042 |
| Age≥65 years, % | 63.3% | 31.4% | 0.005 |
| Male sex, % | 65.5% | 56.3% | 0.238 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.10 ± 3.5 | 26.1 ± 3.90 | 0.996 |
| AF type, % | 0.000 | ||
| Paroxysmal AF | 40.0% | 88.2% | |
| Persistent AF | 43.3% | 9.8% | |
| Long-standing persistent AF | 16.7% | 2.0% | |
| OMI, % | 33.3% | 11.8% | 0.019 |
| Vascular disease, % | 6.7% | 3.9% | 0.624 |
| CHD, % | 80.0% | 74.5% | 0.573 |
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 70.0% | 64.7% | 0.625 |
| Hypertension, % | 93.3% | 52.9% | 0.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 20.0% | 31.4% | 0.266 |
| Congestive heart failure, % | 30.0% | 7.8% | 0.013 |
| Prior stroke or TIA, % | 42.3% | 9.8% | 0.000 |
| CHA2DS2–VASc score | 3.57 ± 1.406 | 2.02 ± 1.32 | 0.000 |
| Smoking history, % | 36.7% | 43.1% | 0.567 |
| Drinking history, % | 20.0% | 25.5% | 0.573 |
| Antiplatelet drugs, % | 66.7% | 54.9% | 0.298 |
| LCZ696, % | 13.3% | 35.3% | 0.032 |
| LAD, mm | 42.55 ± 3.20 | 38.27 ± 3.08 | 0.000 |
| LAVmax, ml | 59.3 ± 13.8 | 47.02 ± 10.94 | 0.000 |
| LA peak systolic strain, % | 22.27 ± 8.79 | 38.64 ± 9.5 | 0.000 |
| LVDd, mm | 51.62 ± 6.67 | 48.47 ± 4.91 | 0.017 |
| LVEF, % | 52.5 ± 7.5 | 57.48 ± 6.13 | 0.002 |
| E:e’ ratio | 14.01 ± 4.24 | 10.89 ± 4.04 | 0.001 |
| LAAeV, cm/s | 24.79 ± 8.83 | 48.82 ± 14.6 | 0.000 |
| LAAEF, % | 17.18 ± 3.09 | 39.90 ± 10.32 | 0.000 |
| SEC, % | 100% | 35.3% | 0.000 |
| LAAT, % | 50.0% | 3.9% | 0.000 |
Data are mean ± SD unless indicated.
LAAT, left atrial appendage thrombus; BMI, body mass index; OMI, old myocardial infarction; CHD, coronary heart diseases; TIA, transient ischemic attack; AF, atrial fibrillation; LAD, left atrial dimension; LAVmax, maximal left atrial volume; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E,e’ ratio, the ratio of the early transmitral flow velocity and the early mitral annular velocity; LAAeV, left atrial appendage emptying flow velocity; LAAEF, left atrial appendage ejection fraction; SEC, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast; LAAT, left atrial appendage thrombus.