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. 2019 Oct 29;10:2196. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02196

TABLE 4.

Summary of case characteristics of Saprochaete clavata infections from literature and FungiScope®.

Study Country Sex Age Underlying disease Risk factor# Clinical form Positive specimen Lab diagnosis Drug Dosage Duration Outcome
Lacroix et al., 2007 France M 14 AML CVC, cytarabine Sepsis Blood Blood culture E: AMB ns 1 day Survived
T: L-AMB + VRZ 5 days
T: VRZ + 5FC ns
M 59 AML CVC, cytarabine BSI Blood, urine, Blood culture, P: CFGN ns 7 days Survived
biopsy (skin) GM negative E: CFGN + L-AMB 3 mg/kg/d (L-AMB) 7 days
E: L-AMB + PSZ 4 days
T: L-AMB + 5FC + PSZ 5 mg/kg/d (L-AMB) 7 days
urine T: L-AMB + 5FC + VRZ 21 days
Picard et al., 2014 France F 46 AML CVC, cytarabine, digestive decontamination (GEN, COL), PIP,AMI,VAN,CIP BSI, disseminated Blood, stool, TAS Blood culture, GM positive P: PSZ
T: L-AMB + VRZ
E: CFGN		 ns 24 days Died
M 70 AML CVC, digestive decontamination (GEN, COL), PIP,AMI,VAN,CIP BSI, pulmonary Blood Blood culture, E: CFGN ns 4 days Died
F 63 AML CVC, digestive decontamination (GEN, COL), PIP,AMI,VAN,CIP BSI, disseminated Blood, stool, TAS Blood culture E: CFGN
T: L-AMB + VORI		 ns 6 days (CFGN)
10 days (L-AMB + VRZ)		 Died
Del Principe et al., 2016 Italy F 36 AML CVC, cytarabine, neutropenia, PIP-Taz, MER Pulmonary, cholecystitis, hepatosplenic abscesses Blood, CVC Blood culture, betaG >500 pg/ml, GM negative T: L-AMB
VRZ (after discharge)		 350 mg qd iv
200 mg bid oral		 100 days (L-AMB)
15 days (FungiScope)		 Survived
F 50 MC lymphoma CVC, cytarabine, steroids, neutropenia (<500 mm3) Pneumonia, splenic infiltrates, sepsis Blood Blood culture, betaG >500 pg/ml, GM negative T: L-AMB
VRZ (after discharge)		 200 mg qd iv
350 mg qd iv		 10 days (L-AMB)
47 days (L-AMB)		 Died
M 21 AML Methyl- prednisolone, neutropenia (<500 mm3), PIP-Taz, MER, cytarabine Splenic abscesses Blood, CVC Blood culture, betaG negative, GM negative T: L-AMB
VRZ (after discharge)		 200 mg qd iv
600 mg bid oral		 12 days (L-AMB)
1 day (VRZ)		 Survived
Vaux et al., 2014 France F (15)® 63 AML (70%) Neutropenia (<500 mm3; 90%), cytarabine (78.3%) BSI (87%), Blood, stool, BAL, Blood culture ns ns ns 24 (80%) died
M (15)® (mean) ALL (20%) pulmonary (40%), TAS (86.7%) 6 (20%) survived
CLM (3.3%) diarrhea (61.5%)
other (6.7%)
Camus et al., 2014 France M 32 AML Cytarabine, IMI, VAN, MET IMI, VAN, MET Sepsis, peritonitis, Hepatic lesions Blood, stool, ascites Blood culture, GM negative E: CFGN
T: VRZ		 50 mg qd iv
300 mg qd iv
100 mg qd iv		 8 days (CFGN)
35 days (VRZ iv)
>270 days (VRZ po)		 Survived
Favre et al., 2016 France M 27 Aplastic anemia CVC, neutropenia, prednisone, PIP-Taz, AMI, MER, LVX BSI, disseminated Blood, CVC Blood culture E: CFGN


T: L-AMB + VRZ		 50 mg qd iv


200 mg bid iv (L-AMB)
400 mg bid iv (VRZ)		 2 days (CFGN)


55 days (L-AMB + VRZ)		 Survived
de Almeida Júnior et al., 2016 Brazil F 6 Hemophagocytic lymphohis- tiocytosis Auto BMT, CVC, neutropenia T: AMB-D
T: VRZ		 ns 18 days Died
Fungiscope - 831 Turkey F 37 AML (relapse) Neutropenia (<500 mm3) BSI Blood Blood culture T: VRZ 240 mg bid iv
200 mg bid oral		 8 days
6 days		 Survived
Fungiscope - 1211 Israel F 17 AML Neutropenia (<500 mm3) Disseminated (CNS, liver, spleen) PCR (CSF) E: L-AMB
T: L-AMB
T: 5FC
T: VRZ		 250 mg qd iv
250 mg qd iv
1000 mg 4x oral
200 mg bid iv		 12 days
27 days L-AMB then 5 days
L-AMB + 5FC
5 days L-AMB + 5FC
208 days L-AMB + 5FC + VRZ		 Alive, ongoing therapy
Fungiscope - 1216 Spain M 48 Lymphoma alloHSCT, neutropenia (<500 mm3) BSI, disseminated (CNS, liver, lung, spleen) Blood Blood culture, PCR (pleural fluid) E: L-AMB
E: VRZ
T: L-AMB
T: VRZ
T: 5FC
2nd P: PSZ
T: L-AMB
T: 5FC		 400 mg qd iv
200 mg bid iv
400 mg qd iv
200 mg bid iv
37.5 mg 4x iv
300 mg qd tab
400 mg qd iv
37.5 mg 4x iv		 3 days (2 days with VRZ)
2 days (with L-AMB)
99 (11 days with VRZ, then 31 days with 5FC)
11 days (with L-AMB)
31 days (with L-AMB)
92 days (mono)
9 days (with 5FC)
9 days (with L-AMB)		 Died
Fungiscope - 604 Germany M 55 AML (relapse) alloHSCT (PBSC), neutropenia (<500 mm3), ICU BSI Blood Blood culture E: L-AMB
T: VRZ		 290 mg qd iv
200 mg bid po		 5 days
30 days		 Survived
Fungiscope - 616 Serbia M 19 ALL (relapse) Not neutropenic BSI, pulmonary Blood Blood culture E: CFGN
T: CFGN		 50 mg qd iv 50 mg qd iv 4 days
34 days		 Died
Esposto et al., 2018 Italy M (11) ns AML (8), ns BSI Blood Blood culture ns ns ns Ns
F (6) Hodgkin lymphoma (3)
aplastic anemia (2)
ns (1) surgery (3), ns (2)
Liu et al., 2018 China M 10 Acute lymphocytic leukemia Neutropenia, pancreatitis BSI, pulmonary Blood Blood culture, GM 1.33, 6.03, beta-G 746 pg/ml E: MFGN
T: VRZ
T: MFGN + VRZ

T: MFGN + L-AMB		 50 mg qd iv
150 mg iv q12h
100 mg qd iv + 100 mg iv q12h
27 mg iv qd		 8 days (mono)
15 days (mono)
40 days (MFGN + VRZ)

43 days (MFGN + L-AMB)		 Survived
Salgüero Fernándeza et al. 2018 Spain M 47 Lymphoma Neutropenia, prednisone, alloHSCT BSI, skin Blood, skin biopsy Brain abscess Blood culture T: L-AMB
T: 5FC		 5 mg/kg/d
37.5 mg 4x iv		 60 days
60 days		 Died
This study Czechia M 45 AML CVC, cytarabine, neutropenia, alloHSCT, acute GvHD, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, biliary drainage BSI, disseminated Blood Blood culture, GM 0.70
(-2 days)∗ 		T: AMB-D
T: VRZ		 75 mg qd iv
200 mg bid po		 27 days
7 days		 Died
F 61 AML CVC, cytarabine, neutropenia, chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy BSI Blood Blood culture, GM 0.55
(+3 days)∗ 		T: AMB-D
T: AMB-LC		 75 mg qd iv
400 mg qd iv		 15 days
6 days		 Died
F 63 AML CVC, neutropenia (<500 mm3), cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, cytarabine BSI Blood Blood culture, GM 0.18, PCR (sequencing) T: AMB-LC
T: VRZ		 400 mg qd iv
200 mg bid po		 4 days
9 days		 Survived
F 58 AML CVC, neutropenia (<500 mm3), cytarabine, alloHSCT, acute GvHD BSI, pneumonia Blood, rectum Blood culture, GM 0.50 (only with 3rd blood culture), PCR (sequencing) T: AMB-D
T: AMB-LC
T: VRZ		 50 mg qd iv
400 mg qd iv
200 mg bid po		 2 days
7 days
4 days (AMB-LC + VRZ)		 Died
F 50 AML CVC, cytarabine, neutropenia, autoHSCT BSI, pneumonia Blood, wound swab Blood culture T: AMB-D 50 mg qd iv 4 days Died
F 66 Lymphoma CVC, cytarabine, neutropenia, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, Candida glabrata fungemia BSI Blood, bile, urine Blood culture, GM 0.31 T: MFGN (C. glabrata fungemia)
T: VRZ		 100 mf qd iv

200 mg bid po		 12 days (C. glabrata fungemia)
3 days (S. clavata)		 Died
Leoni et al., 2018 Italy M 6 Bone marrow failure Three allo-HSCT neutropenia BSI, renal, pulmonary/skin involvement Blood Blood culture P: L-AMB

T: L-AMB
T: L-AMB + VRZ		 2.5 mg/kg 2× a week
3.0 mg/kg/d iv
10 mg/kg/d iv + 8 mg/kg bid iv		 16

9 days mono
30 days combo		 Survived

# in general, all patients had hematological malignancy with anticancer and antibiotic therapy as predisposing conditions. §– number of all females/males in the study. ns – not specified. ∗ –/+ days before/after positive blood culture. 5FC – flucytosine, ALL – acute lymphoid leukemia, AMB-D/LC – amphotericin B deoxycholate/lipid complex, AMI – amikacin, AML – acute myeloid leukemia, ANC – absolute neutrophil count, BAL – bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, beta-G – beta-D-glucan, BSI – blood-stream infection, CFGN – caspofungin, CML – chronic myeloid leukemia, CIP – ciprofloxacin, CNS – central nervous system, COL – colistin, CVC – central venous catheter, FLZ – fluconazole, F/M – female/male, GEN – gentamicin, GM – galactomannan, GvHD – graft vs. host disease, HSCT – hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ICU – intensive care unit, IMI – imipenem, L-AMB – liposomal amphotericin B, LVX – levofloxacin, MC – mantle cell, MER – meropenem, MET – metronidazole, MFGN – micafungin, P/E/T – prophylactic/empirical/targeted therapy, PIP + TAZ (piperacillin + tazobactam), PSZ – posaconazole, TAS – tracheal aspirate, VAN – vancomycin, VRZ – voriconazole.