. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 5.

Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2018 Jun 1;90(12):7526–7534. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01134

Table 1.

Selected Existing Technologies on CTC Enrichment

devices	key observations (recovery rate, throughput, purity)	reference
micropillar chip; herringebone chip	5–1281 CTCs/mL with 1 mL/h, detection rate 65%; 63 CTCs/mL with 1.2 mL/h, detection rate 91.8 ± 5% for PC3; 50.3 CTCs/mL with 8 mL/h, detection rate 98% SKBR3	M. Toner^15,35–37
micropillar chip	30 CTCs/mL with 1 mL/h, detection rate 97 ± 3%	B.J. Kirby³⁸
sinusoidal chip	53 CTCs/mL with 15 mL/h, detection rates are 98% MCF-7 and 82% MDA-MB-231	S. A Soper^39–42
microchannel array	10 CTCs/mL with 36 μL/min, recover rate >95%; using additional grooved surface can achieve over 90% capture rate with >84% purity; throughput 3.6 mL/h	Z. Fan^43,44
μHall: antibody labeled magnetic nanoparticles	recovery rate of MDA-MB-468 99%; purity 100%; throughput 3.25 mL/h; analyzing ovarian 7.6 CTCs/mL	H. Lee⁴⁵
CellSearch system	positive selection to enrich tumor cells from whole blood; the enriched and stained cells are scanned and imaged on CellTrackersAnalyzer II	8, 46–49
microfilter	0–12.5 CTCs/mL with 90 mL/h, detection rate 90%	M. Toner^35,50
portable filter	MCF-7, SK-BR-3:5 CTCs/mL at 0.5 psi constant pressure, detection rate >90%	R.J. Cote,⁵¹
microfilters	1–3 CTCs/mL with 2 mL/h, detection rate enhanced with antibody coating: 95% MCF-7; 97% MDA-MB-231	C.T. Lim,⁵²
microsieve filter with uniform pore structure	undiluted whole blood with flow rate <2 mL/min; MCF-7 recover rate >80%; accurately detected CTC from eight patients	M. Li⁵³
3D parylene-C micronlter	selection by both size and deformability; collect >85% viable spiked MCF-7 cells	Y. Tai²⁸
suspended microchannel resonator	flow rate 45 μL/h; analyze 500 cells/h to reach 73% unhealthy cells; healthy blood cells passage time <10 ms; CTC passage time >10 ms	S. Manalis^54–56
lab-on-a-disc: centrifugal microfluidic size selection	MCF-7 61% capture rate; have the potential for high throughput and easy detection by directly mL; throughput >3 mL/min; sensitivity 95.9 ± 3.1% recovery rate; selectivity > 2.5 log WBCs depletion	Y. Cho^57,58
vortex	capture CTC by fluidic vortex without having CTCs experience deformation; throughput 7.5 mL whole blood in 20 min; about 60–90 min on the system with no sample prep; no staining or any kind of affinity capture of the cells is required; efficiency of capture 60–80%	D. Di Carlo^{31,32,59–61}