Table 2.
Primary analyses. Values are means (standard deviations)
| Outcomes | Study groups | All | P values | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No gift | Pre-2016 gift | €10-€69 | €70-€239 | €240-€999 | ≥€1000 | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
| Amount reimbursed for drug prescriptions/visit (€)* | 45.8 (40.1) | 47.8 (24.4) | 48.2 (21.8) | 49.4 (21.5) | 51.5 (22.0) | 53.2 (21.0) | 49.1 (25.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics to 16-65 year olds (%)* | 35.6 (30.0) | 35.8 (23.0) | 36.8 (24.9) | 37.3 (21.0) | 38.1 (19.1) | 41.0 (21.9) | 37.2 (23.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Benzodiazepines >12 weeks (%)† | 14.0 (9.3) | 14.2 (7.8) | 14.4 (8.1) | 14.6 (7.7) | 14.8 (6.9) | 14.8 (6.5) | 14.5 (7.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Benzodiazepines to >65 year olds (%)† | 9.7 (7.9) | 9.5 (5.9) | 9.5 (5.9) | 9.6 (5.7) | 9.7 (5.0) | 10.0 (5.0) | 9.6 (5.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Vasodilators to >65 year olds (%)† | 0.8 (1.8) | 0.8 (1.6) | 0.8 (1.6) | 0.8 (1.6) | 0.9 (1.9) | 1.0 (1.8) | 0.8 (1.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors/ACE inhibitors+sartan (%)† | 44.3 (17.1) | 44.0 (14.9) | 44.2 (14.2) | 44.7 (13.4) | 43.9 (12.4) | 42.9 (12.7) | 44.1 (14.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelets (%)‡ | 87.3 (10.8) | 86.9 (9.2) | 87.2 (9.1) | 87.1 (8.0) | 86.8 (7.3) | 86.7 (6.9) | 87.0 (8.6) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Generic antibiotics (%)† | 87.3 (10.8) | 86.6 (9.7) | 86.5 (9.4) | 86.1 (9.2) | 85.5 (8.9) | 85.1 (8.9) | 86.2 (9.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| eric antidepressants (%)‡ | 91.3 (10.5) | 91.4 (8.9) | 91.4 (8.7) | 91.3 (7.8) | 91.3 (7.2) | 90.9 (7.2) | 91.3 (8.4) | 0.16 | 0.15 |
| Generic antihypertensives (%)† | 84.7 (8.2) | 84.1 (7.3) | 83.7 (7.1) | 83.2 (6.6) | 82.1 (6.3) | 80.3 (7.0) | 83.2 (7.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Generic PPIs (%)† | 99.9 (0.9) | 99.9 (0.8) | 99.9 (0.8) | 99.9 (0.5) | 99.9 (0.8) | 99.9 (0.4) | 99.9 (0.7) | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Generic statins (%)‡ | 77.6 (16.3) | 74.8 (15.4) | 73.2 (15.5) | 71.9 (14.2) | 69.2 (13.7) | 65.3 (14.0) | 72.3 (15.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
€
1.00 (£0.86; $1.10).
ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme; PPIs=proton pump inhibitors.
*
<1% of missing data.
†
1% to 2.5% of missing data.
‡
>2.5% to 4% of missing data.
Threshold P=0.001 (Bonferroni correction for P value: 0.05/12=0.0042)