Table 1.

Participant characteristics and unadjusted factors associated with knowledge and attitudes

Characteristics	Group	Overall n=938		Knowledge overall mean=56.8±24.8			Attitudes overall mean=61.5±28.0
		N	%	Mean	SD	P value	Mean	SD	P value
Gender	Male	577	61.6	51.37	24.4	0.001*	57.40	28.0	0.001*
	Female	360	38.4	65.62	22.9		67.90	26.8
Age	18–30	508	54.2	55.45	26.0	0.001*	59.36	28.2	0.007*
	31–40	259	27.6	60.07	23.2		63.28	27.8
	41–60	153	16.3	58.17	22.0		66.67	26.0
	61+	18	1.9	37.50	22.7		50.62	34.1
Education	Not educated	27	2.9	35.19	18.0	0.001*	46.09	29.8	0.001*
	High school or lower	347	37.0	48.37	22.7		57.25	28.0
	University, college or higher	563	60.1	63.06	24.2		64.81	27.3
Monthly income	No income	195	20.8	49.62	22.7	0.001*	57.78	28.5	0.084
	Less than 5000 SAR Less than 1300 USD	280	29.9	56.13	26.1		62.02	27.2
	5001 to 10 000 SAR 1301 to 2700 USD	234	25.0	56.73	23.0		60.64	28.2
	10 001 to 15 000 SAR 2701 to 4000 USD	148	15.8	61.43	24.2		63.74	28.0
	More than 15 000 SAR More than 4000 USD	79	8.5	68.88	25.3		67.37	27.9
Nationality	Saudi	817	87.3	57.27	24.6	0.143	62.10	27.7	0.095
	Non-Saudi	119	12.7	53.71	25.8		57.52	29.4
Residential area	Central region	707	75.4	59.21	24.4	0.001*	62.93	28.5	0.055
	Western region	86	9.2	52.52	27.6		59.04	28.3
	Northern region	59	6.3	46.19	25.0		53.48	25.1
	Southern region	60	6.4	49.31	20.7		57.04	22.5
	Eastern region	26	2.8	47.76	21.3		58.12	26.9
Marital status	Single	455	48.7	56.06	26.7	0.549	60.59	28.3	0.130
	Married	444	47.5	57.04	22.8		61.61	27.5
	Other	35	3.8	60.48	22.1		70.48	28.8
Employment	Student in school	78	8.3	47.54	24.0	0.001*	56.13	27.4	0.028*
	Undergraduate student/university or college	166	17.8	63.15	26.0		65.66	25.6
	Government sector	235	25.0	61.70	24.1		64.68	28.1
	Private sector	208	22.2	56.29	25.4		59.56	28.0
	Military	54	5.7	52.16	23.2		55.76	30.6
	Private work/ owner	61	6.8	50.68	22.5		56.65	31.1
	Retired	26	2.7	51.92	21.9		65.38	31.5
	Not working	62	6.6	44.49	21.7		57.17	26.3
	Housewife	47	4.9	59.22	18.9		64.30	26.2
Health insurance	Governmental	560	59.7	58.23	25.2	0.001*	64.09	27.4	0.001*
	Private	116	12.4	58.41	25.0		58.43	30.1
	Other	226	24.1	55.20	22.5		58.46	27.4
	No insurance	36	3.8	40.05	24.9		49.38	28.8
Chronic disease	Yes	208	22.2	53.21	23.7	0.017*	59.19	27.7	0.183
	No	730	77.8	57.85	25.0		62.12	28.0
Medical background	Yes	259	27.7	65.99	26.6	0.001*	67.35	27.5	0.001*
	No	677	72.3	53.37	23.1		59.23	27.9
Previous medical research participation	Yes	149	15.9	65.83	25.8	0.001*	66.44	27.6	0.001*
	Was requested, but didn’t participate	11	1.1	50.00	22.4		63.64	27.3
	No	737	78.6	55.54	24.3		60.65	28.1
	Not sure	41	4.4	48.98	22.3		57.45	26.0
Do you know somebody who has participated in medical research?	Yes	248	26.5	60.42	24.6	0.001*	62.23	27.6	0.100
	No	596	63.6	57.30	24.6		62.99	27.8
	Not sure	93	9.9	44.18	23.1		49.46	27.7

*Significant at α=0.05.

SAR, Saudi Arabian riyal; USD, United States dollar.