Table 4.
Independent factors associated with the Saudi public’s knowledge of and attitudes toward clinical trials
| Characteristics | Knowledge | Attitudes | ||||||
| B | 95% Wald CI | P value | B | 95% Wald CI | P value | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
| (Intercept) | 48.2 | 26.83 | 69.48 | 0.001* | 57.4 | 30.72 | 84.01 | 0.001* |
| Gender (reference: female) | ||||||||
| Male | –14.1 | –17.49 | –10.65 | 0.001* | –9.2 | –13.42 | –4.88 | 0.001* |
| Age (reference: 61+) | ||||||||
| 18–30 | 9.2 | –2.86 | 21.31 | 0.135 | –0.8 | –15.87 | 14.33 | 0.920 |
| 31–40 | 11.2 | –0.56 | 22.92 | 0.062 | 3.7 | –10.98 | 18.34 | 0.623 |
| 41–60 | 12.1 | 0.80 | 23.44 | 0.036* | 10.6 | –3.55 | 24.73 | 0.142 |
| Education (reference: university, college or higher) | ||||||||
| Not educated | –19.6 | –29.64 | –9.66 | 0.001* | –18.4 | –30.88 | –5.92 | 0.004* |
| High school or lower | –8.2 | –12.10 | –4.37 | 0.001* | –5.1 | –9.94 | –0.29 | 0.038* |
| Monthly income (reference: more than 15 000 SAR) | ||||||||
| No income | –9.7 | –17.17 | –2.19 | 0.011* | –1.0 | –10.38 | 8.34 | 0.831 |
| 5000 SAR or less | –9.1 | –15.48 | –2.79 | 0.005* | 0.4 | –7.50 | 8.35 | 0.916 |
| 5001 to 10 000 SAR | –6.9 | –12.71 | –1.00 | 0.022* | 0.0 | –7.36 | 7.28 | 0.992 |
| 10 001 to 15 000 SAR | –3.6 | –9.65 | 2.38 | 0.236 | 1.2 | –6.28 | 8.73 | 0.749 |
| Nationality (reference: non-Saudi) | ||||||||
| Saudi | –1.6 | –6.80 | 3.63 | 0.552 | 1.0 | –5.52 | 7.51 | 0.764 |
| Residential area (reference: Eastern region) | ||||||||
| Central region | 3.6 | –4.94 | 12.05 | 0.412 | –0.5 | –11.14 | 10.08 | 0.922 |
| Western region | 1.9 | –7.60 | 11.39 | 0.696 | –0.9 | –12.73 | 11.00 | 0.886 |
| Northern region | –10.8 | –20.77 | –0.76 | 0.035* | –12.7 | –25.19 | –0.20 | 0.046* |
| Southern region | –1.1 | –10.89 | 8.76 | 0.832 | –5.3 | –17.61 | 6.93 | 0.393 |
| Marital status (reference: other) | ||||||||
| Single | 1.4 | –6.94 | 9.81 | 0.736 | –3.1 | –13.55 | 7.37 | 0.563 |
| Married | 0.9 | –6.80 | 8.67 | 0.813 | –4.5 | –14.17 | 5.15 | 0.360 |
| Employment (reference: housewife) | ||||||||
| Student | –5.1 | –14.08 | 3.97 | 0.272 | 2.1 | –9.21 | 13.34 | 0.719 |
| Undergraduate student | 0.2 | –8.60 | 8.99 | 0.965 | 3.7 | –7.26 | 14.71 | 0.506 |
| Government sector | –3.0 | –11.56 | 5.55 | 0.491 | 1.0 | –9.70 | 11.67 | 0.857 |
| Private sector | –5.1 | –13.65 | 3.51 | 0.247 | –1.0 | –11.75 | 9.69 | 0.850 |
| Military | –10.3 | –20.56 | –0.03 | 0.049* | –0.9 | –13.75 | 11.89 | 0.887 |
| Private work | –6.4 | –15.54 | 2.72 | 0.169 | –2.8 | –14.18 | 8.64 | 0.634 |
| Retired | –0.3 | –11.73 | 11.19 | 0.963 | 8.5 | –5.86 | 22.76 | 0.247 |
| Not working | –5.2 | –14.01 | 3.53 | 0.241 | 3.5 | –7.45 | 14.45 | 0.531 |
| Health insurance (reference: no insurance) | ||||||||
| Governmental | 12.9 | 4.48 | 21.33 | 0.003* | 10.1 | –0.45 | 20.60 | 0.061 |
| Private | 16.5 | 7.06 | 25.95 | 0.001* | 4.4 | –7.42 | 16.18 | 0.467 |
| Other | 12.8 | 4.49 | 21.08 | 0.003* | 7.9 | –2.50 | 18.22 | 0.137 |
| Chronic diseases (reference: yes) | ||||||||
| No | –2.2 | –5.75 | 1.27 | 0.211 | –3.5 | –7.91 | 0.87 | 0.116 |
| Medical background (reference: yes) | ||||||||
| No | –4.7 | –8.47 | –0.90 | 0.015* | –5.0 | –9.70 | –0.24 | 0.039* |
| Participated in medical research (reference: no) | ||||||||
| Yes | 6.0 | –1.78 | 13.77 | 0.131 | 1.7 | –8.04 | 11.38 | 0.736 |
| Knew somebody who had participated in medical research (reference: no) | ||||||||
| Yes | 12.3 | 7.07 | 17.55 | 0.001* | 10.4 | 3.88 | 16.97 | 0.002* |
*Significant at α=0.05.
SAR, Saudi Arabian riyal.