Table 3.

Participant characteristics

	Telehealth n=20	Control n=20
Gender male	14 (70%)	14 (70%)
Age (years) Mean (SD), range	60.4 (11.7), 30–78	60.0 (10.0), 39–73
Phenotype
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	17 (85%)	18 (90%)
Primary lateral sclerosis	2 (10%)	2 (10%)
Progressive muscular atrophy	1 (5%)	0 (0%)
Disease duration (months)
Mean (SD), range	53 (48), 12–197	46 (35), 7–123
Duration since diagnosis (months)
Mean (SD), range	32 (34), 3–137	21 (19), 1–58
King’s ALS clinical stage*
1	3 (15%)	2 (10%)
2	4 (20%)	5 (25%)
3	5 (25%)	8 (40%)
4	8 (40%)	5 (25%)
Use of the TiM app
Independently	17 (85%)	17 (85%)
Assistance from carer	1 (5%)	1 (5%)
Patient instructs carer	2 (10%)	2 (10%)
Technology use†
Daily	14 (70%)	18 (90%)
A few times per week	3 (15%)	1 (5%)
Once a week	1 (5%)	1 (5%)
Every few weeks	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Never	2 (10%)	0 (0%)
Home technology
Broadband	18 (90%)	20 (100%)
3G mobile reception	18 (90%)	15 (75%)

	Telehealth n=18	Control n=19
Carer gender male	4 (21%)	5 (28%)
Carer age (years)  Mean (SD), range	59 (12), 42–84	60.8 (11), 38–73
Relationship to patient
Partner	18 (95%)	16 (89%)
Child	0 (0%)	1 (6%)
Parent	1 (5%)	1 (6%)
Carer technology use†
Daily	12 (67%)	16 (84%)
A few times per week	1 (6%)	1 (5%)
Once a week	1 (6%)	1 (5%)
Every few weeks	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Never	4 (22%)	0 (0%)

*King’s stage 1 refers to patients with functional deficit in one domain, stage 2: two domains, stage 3: three domains, stage 4: patients requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or gastrostomy.³⁶ King’s stage was calculated using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) scale at baseline.

†Technology: computer, smartphone, tablet.

ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; TiM, Telehealth in Motor neuron disease.