Table 2.
Laser therapy characteristics of the included trials
| First author | Treated area | Wavelength (nm) | Joules per treatment spot | Mean output power (mW) | Seconds per treated spot | Number of spots treated | Sessions/sessions per week |
| Al Rashoud 201431* | Knee joint line (medial and lateral) and acupoints (SP9, SP10, ST36) | 830 | 1.2 | 30 | 40 | 5 | 9/3 |
| Alfredo 2011, 201829 52 | Knee joint line (medial and lateral) | 904 | 3 | 60 | 50 | 9 | 9/3 |
| Alghadir 201432 | Knee condyles, joint line (medial and lateral) and popliteal fossa | 850 | 6 | 100 | 60 | 8 | 8/2 |
| Bagheri 201123* | Knee joint line | 830 | 3 | 30 | 100 | 10 | 10/5 |
| Bülow 199420* | Painful spots in 0–10 cm radius of the knee joint line | 830 | 1.5–4.5 | 25 | 60–180 | 5–15 | 9/3 |
| Delkhosh 201839 | Knee joint | 830 | 5 | 30 | 167 | 5 | 10/5 |
| Fukuda 201130 | Front knee capsule | 904 | 3 | 60 | 50 | 9 | 9/3 |
| Gur 200333 (1.5 J) | Anterolateral and anteromedial portal of the knee | 904 | 1.5 | 10 | 150 | 2 | 10/5 |
| Gur 200333 (1 J) | Anterolateral and anteromedial portal of the knee | 904 | 1 | 11.2 | 90 | 2 | 10/5 |
| Gur and Oktayoglu | Anterolateral and anteromedial portal of the knee | 904 | 1.5 | 10 | 150 | 2 | 10/5 |
| Gworys 201218 | Knee joint line, patellofemoral joint and popliteal fossa | 810 | 8 | 400 | 20 | 12 | 10/5 |
| Hegedűs 200953 | Knee joint line, popliteal fossa and condyles | 830 | 6 | 50 | 120 | 8 | 8/2 |
| Helianthi 201654 | Knee joint line (lateral) and acupoints (ST36, SP9, GB34, EX-LE-4) | 785 | 4 | 50 | 80 | 5 | 10/2 |
| Hinman 201441* | Acupoints (locations not stated) | 904 | 0.2 | 10 | 20 | 6 | 8-12/0.67–1 |
| Jensen 198721* | Knee joint line (medial and lateral), apex and basis of patellae | 904 | 0.054 | 0.3 | 180 | 4 | 5/5 |
| Kheshie 201447† | Front knee | 830 | – | 160 | – | – | 12/2 |
| Koutenaei 201755 | Front knee, popliteal fossa and femur condyles in the popliteal cavity | 810 | 7 | 100 | 70 | 8 | 10/5 |
| Mohammed 201856 | Knee joint line (lateral) and acupoints (ST36, Sp10, GB, ashi) | 808 | 5.4 | 90 | 60 | 7 | 12/3 |
| Nambi 201648 | Knee joint line, condyles and popliteal fossa | 904 | 1.5 | 25 | 60 | 8 | 12/3 |
| Nivbrant 199219* | Knee joint line (medial and lateral) and acupoints (ST34, SP10, X32) | 904 | 0.72 | 4 | 180 | 7 | 6/3 |
| Rayegani 201243* | Knee joint line and popliteal fossa | 880 | 6 | 50 | 120 | 8 | 10/5 |
| Tascioglu 200440 (3 J)* | Painful spots on the knee | 830 | 3 | 50 | 60 | 5 | 10/5 |
| Tascioglu 200440 (1.5 J)* | Painful spots on the knee | 830 | 1.5 | 50 | 30 | 5 | 10/5 |
| Youssef 201642 (904 nm) | Knee joint line (medial and lateral) | 904 | 3 | 60 | 50 | 9 | 16/2 |
| Youssef 201642 (880 nm)* | Knee joint line (medial and lateral), epicondyles and popliteal fossa | 880 | 6 | 50 | 120 | 8 | 16/2 |
*Non-recommended low-level laser therapy dose.
†1250 Joules per session.