Table 5.
Predicting the odds for any sickness absence (SA) (logistic model) and the duration of SA, if any (zero-truncated negative binomial (NB) part) in the negative binomial Hurdle model: crude analysis
| OG | Gender | HRA result category | N | Logistic model (0 vs >0) | Zero-truncated NB (>0) | ||
| OR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | ||||
| BC |
Female | (Intercept) | 1.08 | (0.82 to 1.43) | 10.28 | (7.81 to 13.53) | |
| No findings | 198 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 1471 | 1.78 | (1.32 to 2.40) | 1.07 | (0.80 to 1.42) | ||
| Health risk | 843 | 2.05 | (1.49 to 2.80) | 1.36 | (1.01 to 1.82) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 840 | 3.13 | (2.27 to 4.33) | 1.58 | (1.18 to 2.12) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 335 | 4.91 | (3.27 to 7.36) | 2.36 | (1.72 to 3.25) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 219 | 5.59 | (3.49 to 8.96) | 3.43 | (2.45 to 4.82) | ||
| Male | (Intercept) | 1.23 | (0.97 to 1.56) | 6.64 | (5.25 to 8.41) | ||
| No findings | 274 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 1060 | 1.37 | (1.04 to 1.79) | 1.27 | (0.98 to 1.63) | ||
| Health risk | 691 | 1.44 | (1.08 to 1.91) | 1.47 | (1.13 to 1.92) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 456 | 2.04 | (1.49 to 2.79) | 2.89 | (2.19 to 3.82) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 147 | 2.34 | (1.51 to 3.63) | 3.86 | (2.70 to 5.51) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 69 | 3.51 | (1.83 to 6.71) | 5.32 | (3.41 to 8.30) | ||
| C | Female | (Intercept) | 0.62 | (0.51 to 0.76) | 8.05 | (6.35 to 10.20) | |
| No findings | 425 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 3390 | 1.58 | (1.28 to 1.94) | 0.87 | (0.68 to 1.11) | ||
| Health risk | 1344 | 1.94 | (1.55 to 2.42) | 1.28 | (0.99 to 1.65) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 1403 | 2.81 | (2.24 to 3.51) | 1.48 | (1.15 to 1.91) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 500 | 3.32 | (2.54 to 4.36) | 1.73 | (1.30 to 2.30) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 272 | 3.54 | (2.56 to 4.88) | 3.05 | (2.21 to 4.21) | ||
| Male | (Intercept) | 0.34 | (0.28 to 0.42) | 5.96 | (4.51 to 7.86) | ||
| No findings | 532 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 2198 | 1.36 | (1.10 to 1.69) | 1.03 | (0.77 to 1.37) | ||
| Health risk | 953 | 1.46 | (1.15 to 1.85) | 1.36 | (0.99 to 1.86) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 590 | 2.59 | (2.01 to 3.34) | 1.84 | (1.34 to 2.54) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 197 | 3.19 | (2.27 to 4.49) | 3.22 | (2.15 to 4.82) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 85 | 4.16 | (2.59 to 6.68) | 3.83 | (2.29 to 6.41) | ||
| P/M |
Female | (Intercept) | 0.58 | (0.38 to 0.88) | 2.77 | (1.59 to 4.83) | |
| No findings | 95 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 774 | 1.23 | (0.79 to 1.92) | 2.18 | (1.26 to 3.78) | ||
| Health risk | 220 | 1.45 | (0.89 to 2.38) | 3.03 | (1.65 to 5.58) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 254 | 1.71 | (1.06 to 2.78) | 3.09 | (1.71 to 5.60) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 69 | 2.36 | (1.25 to 4.46) | 4.31 | (2.09 to 8.90) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 35 | 2.57 | (1.16 to 5.69) | 5.00 | (2.10 to 11.9) | ||
| Male | (Intercept) | 0.39 | (0.29 to 0.52) | 2.95 | (1.80 to 4.81) | ||
| No findings | 232 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Some symptoms | 913 | 1.06 | (0.77 to 1.46) | 1.76 | (1.12 to 2.78) | ||
| Health risk | 292 | 1.38 | (0.95 to 2.01) | 2.08 | (1.23 to 3.51) | ||
| WD risk, 1 risk factor | 176 | 1.43 | (0.94 to 2.18) | 3.18 | (1.76 to 5.73) | ||
| WD risk, 2 risk factors | 36 | 2.06 | (1.00 to 4.21) | 1.35 | (0.54 to 3.28) | ||
| WD risk, 3–5 risk factors | 20 | 2.57 | (1.02 to 6.46) | 2.51 | (0.80 to 7.82) | ||
Logistic model refers to the model component for predicting membership to the subpopulation A with high propensity to zero absence, and zero-truncated NB to the component predicting the days on sick leave among the susceptible subpopulation B. To facilitate interpretation, for the zero-inflation part we have shown the ORs associated with the complementary propensity to having any sickness absence, that is, inclusion in subpopulation B.
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
BC, blue collar; C, clerical; HRA, health risk appraisal; OG, occupational group; P/M, professional/manager; RR, risk ratio; WD, work disability.