Table 2.

Summary of items to be extracted from eligible studies using the standardised data extraction form

Information area	Data extracted
Background	Authors Year of Publication Title
Methodology	Study Design Setting Sample Characteristics (Sample size, age, anthropomorphic data) LBP Characteristics (Duration, average pain, current pain, laterality) Task Information (Fatiguing, endurance, repeated, standing, length of recording, etc) Type of surface EMG (bipolar, linear array, HDEMG) EMG Processing (sampling frequency, filtering, offline processing) EMG Processing of signal amplitude (RMS, ARV, integrated EMG) Muscles measured Absolute or Normalised Activity values Normalisation Parameter and technique (MVC, SMVC, RVC)
Results	Amplitude Outcomes (Within subjects Pre/Post, between subjects pre/post, changes throughout, systematic differences between groups) Effect Sizes where reported