Table 2. Unadjusted and adjusted HRs by migrant status.

Substance use disorder	N	Percent	Unadjusted				Adjusted			p-value
			HR	95% CI		p-value	HR1	95% CI
Any substance use disorder
Swedish-born	38,971	3.5	1				1
Non-refugee migrants	1,223	1.2	0.42	0.39	0.44	<0.001	0.46	0.43	0.49	<0.001
Refugees	223	1.3	0.42	0.37	0.48	<0.001	0.52	0.46	0.60	<0.001
Refugees versus non-refugee migrants	-	-	1.02	0.88	1.18	0.78	1.15	0.99	1.32	0.06
Alcohol use disorder
Swedish-born	29,444	2.6	1				1
Non-refugee migrants	690	0.7	0.30	0.28	0.33	<0.001	0.35	0.32	0.39	<0.001
Refugees	117	0.7	0.29	0.24	0.34	<0.001	0.38	0.31	0.46	<0.001
Refugees versus non-refugee migrants	-	-	0.95	0.78	1.15	0.58	1.06	0.87	1.30	0.54
Cannabis use disorder
Swedish-born	4,381	0.4	1				1
Non-refugee migrants	301	0.3	0.96	0.85	1.08	0.49	0.81	0.70	0.93	0.003
Refugees	52	0.3	0.93	0.71	1.22	0.59	0.96	0.72	1.29	0.78
Refugees versus non-refugee migrants	-	-	0.97	0.72	1.30	0.92	1.18	0.88	1.59	0.27
Polydrug use disorder
Swedish-born	7,553	0.7	1				1
Non-refugee migrants	246	0.2	0.48	0.43	0.55	<0.001	0.44	0.37	0.51	<0.001
Refugees	53	0.3	0.59	0.45	0.77	<0.001	0.58	0.44	0.78	<0.001
Refugees versus non-refugee migrants	-	-	1.21	0.90	1.63	0.21	1.34	0.99	1.80	0.06

¹Adjusted for age, sex, birth year, family income, family employment, population density, and PTSD diagnosis.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio