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. 2019 Sep 25;9(24):7239–7250. doi: 10.7150/thno.35573

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

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Approach to identifying DNA methylation-based biomarkers for detection of early HCC in liver cirrhosis patients. We utilized two strategies to identify DNA methylation-based biomarkers. First, starting with primary tissue to discover markers and then examining their performance in cfDNA, and the converse, starting with cfDNA to discover markers then validating these markers in two independent primary tissue datasets. We then validated a 5-marker panel in 30 independent cfDNA samples by bisulfite pyrosequencing. A total of 586 patient-derived Infinium 450k profiles are assessed for this study.