Figure 2.
Adjuvant delivery using polymeric nanoparticles for combination therapy. (A) Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with R837 and indocyanine green (ICG) can be used to generate tumor antigens and promote transition of DCs from an immature (iDC) to mature (mDC) phenotype. The antitumor effect can further be enhanced through the inclusion of checkpoint blockades such as anti-CTLA-4. (B) The nanoformulation can be used to induce drastic temperature changes at tumor sites upon irradiation. (C) Photothermal therapy together with CTLA-4 blockade delays the growth of secondary tumors. Adapted with permission from 70. Copyright 2016 Nature Publishing Group.